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Neuro and Special Senses > Neuro - Emergencies > Flashcards

Neuro - Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Subarachnoid Haemorrhage?

A

Bleeding into the Subarachnoid space, usually secondary to a ruptured cerebral aneurysm

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2
Q

How does a Subarachnoid Haemorrhage present?

A

Thunderclap headache

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3
Q

How is a Thunderclap headache described?

A

Sudden onset occipital headache that occurs during strenuous activity

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4
Q

What are some symptoms of a Subarachnoid Haemorrhage?

A 
Thunderclap headache
Neck Stiffness
Photophobia
Vision Changes
Neurological Signs - Speech changes, weakness, seizures, LOC
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5
Q

What are some risk factors for developing a Subarachnoid Haemorrhage?

A 
HTN
Smoking
Excessive Alcohol
Cocaine use
FHx
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6
Q

Which demongraphic is more at risk of developing a Subarachnoid Haemorrhage?

A

Black
Female
Age 45-70

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7
Q

Which conditions are associated with development of a Subarachnoid Haemorrhage?

A

Sickle Cell Anaemia
Connective Tissue Disorders
Neurofibromatosis
Adult PCKD

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8
Q

Which investigations are appropriate for a suspected Subarachnoid Haemorrhage?

A

CT Head

LP - ?Raised RBCs, Xanthocrhomia

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9
Q

What are the surgical management options available for a confirmed Subarachnoid Haemorrhage?

A

Coiling via EVAR

Primary surgical clipping

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10
Q

Which medication should be given to patients with a Subarachnoid Haemorrhage?

A

Nimodipine

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11
Q

How does Nimodipine help to manage a Subarachnoid Haemorrhage?

A

CCB, prevents vasospasm reducing the risk of Brain Ischaemia

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12
Q

What is Temporal Arteritis?

A

Systemic Vasculitis of Medium and Large Arteries, commonly presents in the temporal arteries

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13
Q

What are some symptoms of Temporal Arteritis?

A 
Severe unilateral headache typically around the temple and forehead
Scalp tenderness noticed when brushing hair
Jaw Claudication
Blurred/Double vision
Fever
Muscle Aches
Fatigue
Weight loss
Loss of appetite
Peripheral Oedema
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14
Q

What is a possible important complication of Temporal Arteritis?

A

Vision loss

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15
Q

Which investigations are appropriate for suspected Temporal Arteritis?

A

ESR and CRP - Raised
Temporal Artery Biopsy
FBC - Normocytic Anaemic
LFTs - Raised ALP

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16
Q

What is the initial management for suspected Temporal Arteritis?

A

Prednisolone 40-60mg per day
Aspirin 75mg daily
PPI for Gastroprotection
Refer to Vascular surgery for biopsy, Rheumatology and Opthalmology for management

17
Q

What is the ongoing management for confirmed Temporal Arteritis?

A

High dose steroids until the condition resolves, then a gradual reducing course.

18
Q

What are some possible early complications of Temporal Arteritis?

A

Vision Loss

CVA

19
Q

What are some possible late complications of Temporal Arteritis?

A

Relapse
Steroid-related side effects
CVA
Aortitis leading to aortic dissection

Neuro and Special Senses (5 decks)

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