Derm Flashcards
What is Urticaria?
Swelling involving the superficial dermis and raising the epidermis
What physiologically causes Urticaria?
Local increase in permeability of capillaries and venules by histamine and other mediators
What are some causes of Urticaria?
Idiopathic Food Drugs Insect Bites Contact Viral/Parasitic infections Autoimmune Hereditary
How can Urticaria present?
Angioedema
Anaphylaxis
How does Angioedema present?
Swelling of tongue and lips
How does Anaphylaxis present?
Bronchospasm
Facial/Laryngeal oedema
Hypotension
What is the recommended management for Urticaria?
Antihistamines
Corticosteroids for severe acute urticaria and angioedema
How should Anaphylaxis be managed?
Adrenaline
Corticosteroids
Antihistamines
What is Erythema Nodosum?
A hypersensitivity response to a variety of stimuli
What are some causes of Erythema Nodosum?
Group A Beta-Haemolytic Strep Primary TB Pregnancy Malignancy Sarcoidosis IBD Chlamydia Leprosy
How does Erythema Nodosum present?
Discrete tender nodules that may become confluent
Lesions appear over 1-2w, leave bruises as they disappear
No ulceration, resolve without atrophy or scarring
Where does Erythema Nodosum usually present?
Shins
What is Erythroderma?
Exfoliative dermatitis involving >90% of skin
What are some causes of Erythroderma?
Previous skin disease
Lymphoma
Drugs
Idiopathic
How does Erythroderma present?
Inflamed, oedematous, scaly skin
Lymphadenopathy
Malaise
How should Erythroderma be treated?
Manage underlying cause
Topical Emollients and Steroids if needed
What are some potential complications of Erythroderma?
Secondary infection Fluid loss Electrolyte imbalance Hypothermia Cardiac failure Capillary leak syndrome
What is Erythema Multiforme?
An acute, self-limiting inflammatory condition with mucosal involvement often limited to one mucosal surface
Which infection is associated with Erythema Multiforme?
Herpes Simplex
What is Stevens-Johnson syndrome?
Mucocutaneous necrosis with at least 2 mucosal sites involved
What is a common cause of Stevens-Johnson syndrome?
Drugs and Infections
How does Stevens-Johnson syndrome differ from Erythema Multiforme?
Extensive Necrosis
What is Toxic Epidermal Necrosis?
Acute severe disease characterised by extensive skin and mucosal necrosis with systemic toxicity
What is Necrotising Fascitis?
A rapidly spreading infection of the deep fascia with secondary necrosis
