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Neuro and Special Senses > Derm > Flashcards

Derm Flashcards

1
Q

What is Urticaria?

A

Swelling involving the superficial dermis and raising the epidermis

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2
Q

What physiologically causes Urticaria?

A

Local increase in permeability of capillaries and venules by histamine and other mediators

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3
Q

What are some causes of Urticaria?

A 
Idiopathic
Food
Drugs
Insect Bites
Contact
Viral/Parasitic infections
Autoimmune 
Hereditary
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4
Q

How can Urticaria present?

A

Angioedema

Anaphylaxis

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5
Q

How does Angioedema present?

A

Swelling of tongue and lips

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6
Q

How does Anaphylaxis present?

A

Bronchospasm
Facial/Laryngeal oedema
Hypotension

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7
Q

What is the recommended management for Urticaria?

A

Antihistamines

Corticosteroids for severe acute urticaria and angioedema

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8
Q

How should Anaphylaxis be managed?

A

Adrenaline
Corticosteroids
Antihistamines

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9
Q

What is Erythema Nodosum?

A

A hypersensitivity response to a variety of stimuli

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10
Q

What are some causes of Erythema Nodosum?

A 
Group A Beta-Haemolytic Strep
Primary TB
Pregnancy
Malignancy
Sarcoidosis
IBD
Chlamydia
Leprosy
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11
Q

How does Erythema Nodosum present?

A

Discrete tender nodules that may become confluent
Lesions appear over 1-2w, leave bruises as they disappear
No ulceration, resolve without atrophy or scarring

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12
Q

Where does Erythema Nodosum usually present?

A

Shins

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13
Q

What is Erythroderma?

A

Exfoliative dermatitis involving >90% of skin

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14
Q

What are some causes of Erythroderma?

A

Previous skin disease
Lymphoma
Drugs
Idiopathic

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15
Q

How does Erythroderma present?

A

Inflamed, oedematous, scaly skin
Lymphadenopathy
Malaise

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16
Q

How should Erythroderma be treated?

A

Manage underlying cause

Topical Emollients and Steroids if needed

17
Q

What are some potential complications of Erythroderma?

A 
Secondary infection
Fluid loss
Electrolyte imbalance
Hypothermia
Cardiac failure
Capillary leak syndrome
18
Q

What is Erythema Multiforme?

A

An acute, self-limiting inflammatory condition with mucosal involvement often limited to one mucosal surface

19
Q

Which infection is associated with Erythema Multiforme?

A

Herpes Simplex

20
Q

What is Stevens-Johnson syndrome?

A

Mucocutaneous necrosis with at least 2 mucosal sites involved

21
Q

What is a common cause of Stevens-Johnson syndrome?

A

Drugs and Infections

22
Q

How does Stevens-Johnson syndrome differ from Erythema Multiforme?

A

Extensive Necrosis

23
Q

What is Toxic Epidermal Necrosis?

A

Acute severe disease characterised by extensive skin and mucosal necrosis with systemic toxicity

24
Q

What is Necrotising Fascitis?

A

A rapidly spreading infection of the deep fascia with secondary necrosis

25
Q

What are some risk factors for developing Necrotising Fascitis?

A

Abdominal surgery
DM
Ca

26
Q

What is a common causative organism of Necrotising Fascitis?

A

Beta-Haemolytic Strep

27
Q

How does Necrotising Fascitis present?

A

Severe pain
Erythematous blistering necrotic skin
Systemically unwell with fever and tachycardia
Crepitus - Subcutaneous emphysema

28
Q

What is the recommended management of Necrotising Fascitis?

A

Surgical debridement

IV Abx

29
Q

What is Eczema Herpeticum?

A

A serious complication of atopic eczema or other skin conditions

30
Q

What causes Eczema Herpeticum?

A

Herpes Simplex

31
Q

How does Eczema Herpeticum present?

A

Extensive crusted papules, blisters and erosions

Systemically unwell with fever and malaise

32
Q

How should Eczema Herpeticum be managed?

A

Antivirals

Abx for secondary bacterial infection

33
Q

What are some potential complications of Eczema Herpeticum?

A

Herpes hepatitis
Encephalitis
DIC
Death

Neuro and Special Senses (5 decks)

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