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Neuro and Special Senses > Neuro - Degenerative Conditions > Flashcards

Neuro - Degenerative Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What is Parkinson’s Disease?

A

Movement disorder due to progressive reduction of dopamine within the basal ganglia

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2
Q

What is the classical triad associated with Parkinson’s?

A

Tremor
Rigidity
Bradykinesia

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3
Q

How does the Tremor appear in Parkinson’s?

A 
"Pill-Rolling Tremor"
4-6Hz Unilateral Tremor
More Pronounced when resting
Improves on voluntary movement
Exaggerated when distracted
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4
Q

What is Bradykinesia?

A

Slower or Smaller Movements

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5
Q

What are some presentations of Bradykinesia found in Parkinson’s disease?

A 
Micrographia
Small Steps - Shuffling Gait
Difficulty initiating movement
Difficulty turning when standing
Reduced facial expression
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6
Q

What are some common symptoms associated with Parkinson’s disease?

A 
Depression
Sleep disturbance and Insomnia
Anosmia
Postural instability
Cognitive impairment
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7
Q

How is the rigidity in Parkinson’s often described?

A

Cogwheel Rigidity

Lead pipe rigidity

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8
Q

How is Parkinson’s diagnosed?

A

Clinical Diagnosis

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9
Q

Which is the primary drug used to manage Parkinson’s?

A

Co-benyldopa

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10
Q

How does Co-benyldopa work in Parkinson’s?

A

Combination of synthetic dopamine and a dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor

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11
Q

What are some side-effects of Co-benyldopa?

A

Overactivity of the motor cortex giving dyskinesias, dystonia, chorea and athetosis

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12
Q

What is Athetosis?

A

Involuntary twisting/writhing movements of the hands and feet

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13
Q

How does Entacapone work?

A

COMT inhibitor extending the duration of action of Levodopa

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14
Q

What are some examples of Dopamine Agonists?

A

Bromocriptine

Pergolide

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15
Q

What is a key side effect of Dopamine Agonists?

A

Pulmonary Fibrosis

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16
Q

What is an example of a MOAB?

A

Selegiline

17
Q

How do MOABs help with Parkinson’s?

A

Prevent breakdown of Dopamine

18
Q

What is a Benign Essential Tremor?

A

A fine tremor affecting all the voluntary muscles, notably the hands, head, jaw and voice

19
Q

When does a Benign Essential Tremor usually present?

A

In older age

20
Q

What are some typical features of a Benign Essential Tremor?

A 
Fine symmetrical tremor
More prominent on voluntary movement
Worse when tired, stressed or after Caffeine
Improved by alcohol
Absent during Sleep
21
Q

What management can be offered for a Benign Essential Tremor?

A

Propanolol if giving functional impairment or psychological issues

Neuro and Special Senses (5 decks)

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