neuro DPD Flashcards

1
Q

Bacterial meningitis causative organisms in neonates

A

Group B strep
E.coli
Listeria

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2
Q

Bacterial meningitis causative organisms in children

A

Haemophilus influenzae
Neisseria meningitis
Strep pneumoniae

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3
Q

Bacterial meningitis causative organisms in adults

A

Neisseria meningitis
Strep pneumoniae
TB

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4
Q

Bacterial meningitis causative organisms in elderly

A

Strep pneumoniae

Listeria

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5
Q

Viral meningitis causative organisms

A
Enteroviruses
Mumps
HSV
VZV
HIV
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6
Q

Cryptococcus meningitis

A

Fungal cause of meningitis

aseptic meningitis is another cause

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7
Q

AMTS score

A
  1. DOB
  2. Age
  3. Time
  4. Year
  5. Place
  6. Recall address (42 west st)
  7. Recognise doctor/nurse
  8. WW2 end date (1945)
  9. Prime minister
  10. Count back from 20 to 1
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8
Q

Bacterial lumbar puncture for meningitis

A

Cloudy CSF
High neutrophils
High protein
Low glucose

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9
Q

Viral lumbar puncture for meningitis

A

High lymphocytes
High protein
Normal glucose

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10
Q

TB meningitis lumbar puncture

A

Fibrinous CSF
High lymphocytes
High protein
Low glucose

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11
Q

Where is the lesion if there is abnormal sensation in distribution of:
hemisensory loss

A

Cerebral cortex

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12
Q

Where is the lesion if there is abnormal sensation in distribution of:
dermatomes

A

Nerve roots (radiculopathy)

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13
Q

Where is the lesion if there is abnormal sensation in distribution of:
glove and stocking

A

peripheral nerves

polyneuropathy

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14
Q

Where is the lesion if there is abnormal sensation in distribution of:
level e.g. of umbilicus

A

spinal cord lesion

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15
Q

Where is the lesion if there is abnormal sensation in distribution of:
specific area e.g. first 3.5 fingers

A

peripheral nerves
mononeuropathy

e.g. median nerve in carpal tunnel syndrome

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16
Q

What to prescribe for peripheral neuropathy for diabetic patient?

A

Duloxetin
Pregabalin
These treat neuropathic pain

17
Q

What is hydroxocobalamin

A

Vit B12 injection

18
Q

Metabolic causes of peripheral neuropathy

A
Alcohol
Vit B12 deficiency
Diabetes
Hypothyroidism
Uraemia
Drugs
Amyloidosis
19
Q

Non-metabolic causes of peripheral neuropathy

A

Infection - HIV
Inflammation/AI - vasculitis, connective tissue disease
Malignancy - paraneoplastia, paraproteinaemia
Hereditary sensory motor neuropathy

20
Q

Papillitis (optic neuritis) signs and symptoms

  • optic nerve pathology
A

Blurred optic disc margins on fundoscopy
Reduced pressure
Blurred vision
Painful on eye movement

Feature of MS

21
Q

Corticospinal tracts determine

A

Voluntary motor control

Lesions result in spastic paraparesis

22
Q

Meralgia paraesthetica definition

A

Lateral femoral cutaenous nerve compression
Mononeuropathy sensory loss
Rx: reassure, avoid tight garments, lose weight.
If persistent give carbamazepine and gabapentin

23
Q

Causes of radiculopathy/ nerve root compression

A

Disc herniation

Spinal canal stenosis

24
Q

Stroke Rx <4.5hours

A

CT - haemorrhage excluded

Thrombolysis

25
Stroke Rx >4.5hours
CT - haemorrhage excluded Aspirin 300mg Swallow assessment Maintain hydration, O2 and monitor glucose
26
TIA Rx
Aspirin Only treat BP >220/110 ECG, echo, carotid doppler USS, modify RFs
27
34 yr presented with a fit. He has no PMH, takes no drugs. He is originally from Somalia but worked in UK for 10 yrs. What blood test do you want to perform?
Test for all possible electrolyte fitting causes: - hypoCa2+ - hypoNa+ - hypoK+ - hypoglycaemia and do CT head.
28
What colour is CSF on CT scan?
Black
29
What drug to give for space occupying lesion causing cerebral oedema and midline shift?
Dexamethasone Allows for oedema to decrease a few days before surgical intervention
30
Commonest brain tumours
Glioblastoma Meningioma Haemangioblastoma Craniopharyngioma (mets)
31
Commonest causative organism in encephalitis
HSV
32
A patient presents with SAH signs and symptoms. CT head is normal. Next appropriate investigation?
Lumbar puncture to check CSF | This will present with xanthochromasia
33
A 29yr old man presents with 2 mobile fusiform-shaped lumps on the forearm. Each feels like firm rubber and causes tingling in the hand on pressure.
Neurofibromas Often multiple, at any age - usually in adults. Autosomal dominant. Forearm is frequently affected. Multiple neurofibromas = neurofibromatosis (n.b. cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules in eyes, acoustic neuromas etc).