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yr3 > Derm > Flashcards

Derm Flashcards

1
Q

Livedo reticularis - capillary dilation with stagnation of blood. Mottled skin discolouration on central areas, legs, arms, trunk in cold weather. Causes include

A

Antiphospholipid syndrome
Thrombocytosis (high plts)
Vasculitis
Hyperviscosity

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2
Q

Erythema multiforme - annular, target lesions that may develop into target lesions. Causes include

A 
Idiopathic (50%)
Infection (mycoplasma pneumonia, HSV, EBV)
Vasculitis (SLE)
Carcinoma
Sarcoidosis
Pregnancy
Drugs
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3
Q

Severe form of erythema multiforme is called

A

Steven Johnsons syndrome

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4
Q

Lupus vulgaris - ‘apple jelly’ brown firm translucent nodules. Present in…

A

TB

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5
Q

Cutaneous infection with deep involvement. Skin is erythematous, raised, hot and tender with poorly demarcated edges. Pyrexia and WCC are also present. What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Cellulitis

Commonest causes - Staph aureus and strep pyogenes

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6
Q

Nicotinic acid deficiency causes

A

Pellagra

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7
Q

Lupus pernio - chronic plaques. Blue-red nodular lesions on the nose and hands, present in…

A

Sarcoidosis

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8
Q

Pyoderma gangrenosum - indolent boils that rapidly expand, break down and leave large ulcerated painful areas with an undertermined edge. ±pyrexia and malaise. Present in…

A

Chronic inflammation
UC
Crohn’s
RhA

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9
Q

Cafe au lait spots - macular hyperpigmentation. Present in

A

Neurofibromatosis (type 1)

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10
Q

Well-defined silvery scales and plaques, usually on extensor surfaces of elbows, knees, scalp and sacrum. What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Psoriasis

also nail changes, Kobner phenomenon, Auspitz sign, arthritis

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11
Q

Causes of acanthosis nigricans

A 
Gastric carcinoma
Hodgkin's lymphoma
Obesity
Insulin resistance (DM)
Acromegaly
Thyroid disease
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12
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma are usually in areas of sun-damaged skin. Preceded by acitinic keratosis (scaly and erythematous). Where are lesions commonly and what do they look like?

A

Back of hands, face, trunk.

Hyperkeratotic, ulcerated (can be deep), expanding nodules with everted edges

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13
Q

Keratoacanthomas can look like SCC. They can be distinguished since…

A

they will rapidly grow and self-heal

leaves pitting scar

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14
Q

A 41 year old woman has a painless fluctuant swelling in her right supraclavicular fossa. It becomes inflamed at times + she has expressed thick, foul-smelling white matter from it. What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Sebaceous cyst

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15
Q

A 25 year old man with a history of diarrhoea & abdominal pain has a blistering rash on his buttocks + elbows with marked pruritus. Anti- endomysial antibodies are positive. What is this lesion called?

A

Dermatitis herpetiformis

Presents in coeliac disease

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16
Q

A 40 year old man with joint pains was noted to have nail pitting plus sublingual hyperkeratosis. He also had a rash on the scalp margin. What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Psoriasis

17
Q

A 70 year old man under investigation for a chronic cough, weight loss + haemoptysis developed left sided chest pain followed by an area of erythema & grouped vesicles. What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Shingles

Reactivation of VZV

18
Q

A 70 year old man with a popular lesion in the left temporal area. The lesion is small + glistening with a central necrotic area. What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

19
Q

A 40 year old lady noticed that a mole on her neck has increased in size, became darker in colour + started to itch. The border + edge of the mole is irregular + it has bled on a number of occasions. What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Malignant melanoma

20
Q

A 20 year old man with a rash on both elbows. The rash consists of well defined erythematous plaques with adherent silvery scales. What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Psoriasis

= this type of discoid/nummular psoriasis. Less scaly plaques in axilla, groin regions = flexural psoriasis.

21
Q

Guttate psoriasis

A

Common in children
Reactive, triggered by Group A strep infection normally
Small, numerous teardrop shapes on trunk

22
Q

Erythema marginatum is part of…

A

5 major criteria of acute rheumatic fever

n.b. other criteria = arthritis, carditis, chorea, subcutaenous nodules

23
Q

A 22 year old man presents with a lump on the scalp. O/E: smooth, spherical, tense lump. A small punctum can be seen on the surface. What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Sebaceous cyst
Can occur anywhere where there are sebaceous glands. There are none on the palms of the hand and soles of feet. Scalp is a commonly affected area. Punctum is visible on the surface of the lump and is diagnostic of a sebaceous cyst.

24
Q

Mycosis fungoides is a skin rash associated with….

A

Non-hodgkin’s lymphoma may be associated with these well-defined indurated scaly plaque-like lesions with raised ulcerated nodules caused by cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.

±Sezary’s syndrome, painless rubbery lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, abdominal mass

25
Q

Erythroderma (chronic inflammatory skin condition with scaling in >50% of total body) is associated with which cutaneous malignancy

A

T-cell lymphoma

26
Q

Types of basal cell carcinoma

A

Nodulo-ulcerative (most common)
Morphoeic
Superficial
Pigmented

27
Q

Steven Johnson’s syndrome is characterised by

A

Affects >2 mucous membranes
Systemic symptoms
Shock (hypotension + tachy)

28
Q

Generalised pustular psoriasis

A

Pustules over limbs + torso

Associated with hypoparathyroidism

29
Q

Palmoplantar psoriasis

A

RFs: smoking, AI thyroid disease, middle-aged women
Erythematous plaques with pustules on palms and soles

Part of SAPHO mnemonic

30
Q

SAPHO associated with a type of psoriasis stands for….

A 
Synovitis
Acne
Palmoplantar pustulosis
Hyperostosis (seen on XR)
Osteitis
31
Q

Nail signs in psoriasis

A

Onycholysis
Pitting
Subungual hyperkeratosis

yr3 (19 decks)

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