NEURO Doenças do Movimento Flashcards

1
Q

Definição de tremor (4)

A

Involuntary movement
Oscilatory
Rhythmic
Caused by alternate contraction of agonist e antagonist muscles

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2
Q

Frequência do tremor

A

Low frequency < 4 Hz
Ex: Parkinsonian rest tremor (3-5 Hz)

Medium frequency 4-7 Hz
Ex: postural tremor of the Essential type (4-8 Hz)

High frequency > 7 Hz
Ex: increased physiological tremor: 8-13 Hz

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3
Q

Modo de activação do tremor (5)

A

De repouso, postural, cinético, de intenção, específico de tarefa

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4
Q

Tremor fisiológico aumentado

  • Amplitude e frequência
  • Modo de activação
  • Outras características (3)
  • Etiologia (5)
  • Terapêutica
A

Baixa amplitude, alta frequência, 8-13 Hz, postural e cinético

Non-progressive, symetrical, usually transitory

Anxiety, Fadigue, Muscular effort, Hyperthiroidism, Drugs: lítium, sodium valproate, teofiline and others, Cafeíne…

B-bloqueantes

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5
Q

Tremor fisiológico

  • Epidemiologia
  • Hereditariedade
  • Idade de início
  • Características: modo de activação + 3
  • Factor agravante
  • Terapêutica
A

5% de prevalência

Familiar AD (60%) / Sporadic (several genes/locci being investigated)

Variable age of unset (35-45 years), slow progression (years)

Postural tremor (medium frequency), can have a kinetic component (simple)

Bilateral symetric (or slight assimetry), affects predominantly the hands (but also chin, face, head, voice, lower limbs, in this case almost always accompanied by hand tremor)

Alcohol responsive in about 60% of cases

R/ propranolol (Inderal®), primidone (Mysoline®), clonazepam (Rivotril®) (tolerance), topiramate (Topamax®), gabapentine.

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6
Q

Tremor de Parkinson

  • Modo de activação clássico e alternativo
  • Simetria e lateralidade
A
Rest Tremor ("pill-rolling tremor”), with or without Postural tremor
Rest tremor is usually assymetric and sometimes unilateral
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7
Q

Doença de Parkinson (a melhorar)

  • Epidemiologia
  • 4 sintomas cardinais
  • Fisiopatologia
  • Fármacos que podem causar parkinsonismo (3)
  • Terapêutica
A

2ª doença neurodegenerativa mais frequente

Acinésia/Bradicinésia + pelo menos 1:
Tremor em repouso OU Rigidez OU Instabilidade postural

Destruição da substância nigra no mesencéfalo com perda de dopamina. Corpos de Lewy ao microscópio óptico

Sibelium, stugeron e primperan

Sintomas motores: Levodopa, Deep Brain Stimulation
Sintomas não motores: Rivastigmina, SSRI, Clonazepam, Clozapina e Quetiapina

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8
Q

Hipercinésias (6)

A

Tremor, coreia, balismo, distonia, discinésia tardia, tiques (S. Tourette ou transtorno obsessivo compulsivo)

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9
Q

Distonia

  • Clínica
  • Fisiopatologia
  • Etiologia (3)
A

Sutained muscular contraction causing
repetitive, torsion movement or anomalous postures (simultaneous contraction of agonist and antagonist muscles)

Lesões putámen

Causes:
primary (hereditary, sporadic)
secundary: metabolic disorder (ex. Wilson’s D.) or to focal lesions of the basal ganglia (vascular, infeccious)
iatrogenic

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10
Q

Coreia

  • Clínica
A

Irregular mov., quick, brief
Unpredictable, aleatory (partially, often integrated in the surrounding normal motor activity)
> distal segment and face; small amplitude
Associated with motor impersistence

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11
Q

Coreia de Huntington

  • Transmissão
  • Clínica (3)
A

Autossomal dominant

clinical features:
cognitive decline (dementia)
chorea
psychiatric disorders

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12
Q

Balismo

A

sudden, fast
irregular
large amplitude
> proximal segments

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