NEURO CNS Flashcards
What is the central nervous system composed of?
Brain (surrounded by the skull) and the spinal cord (surrounded by cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae and ligaments
What are the 7 major right (subdivision) of the CNS
Spinal cord
Medulla (oblongata)
Pons
Midbrain or mesencephalon
Cerebellum
Diencephalon (thalamus and the hypothalamus)
Telencephalon or cerebrum
What are the 5 functional areas of the brain
- Cerebrum
- Cerebellum
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
- Brain steam (medulla, pons and midbrain)
Cerebrum
Separated into right and left hemispheres
conscious sensation and initiation of voluntary movement
What is the separation called between the side of the cerebrum?
Fissure
What are the fold on the cerebrum?
Sulus (inward) and Gyrus (outward)
Gyrus
An outward fold
Sulus
An inward fold
What is each hemisphere of the cerebrum/telenchephalon composed of
Cerebral cortex (surface is darker)
White matter
Basal Nuclei
What matter (cerebral cortex or white) grows faster?
The cerebral cortex grows faster than the underlying white matter during the development
Gray matter is made of….
nerve cells bodies and their processes
White matter is made of…
myelin sheaths
What are the lobes and their functions of the cerebral cortex?
Frontal - Motor area, the origin of corticospinal
Olfactory - Olfactory bulb, Pyriform lobe - perception and smell
Parietal - Somatosensory area (pain)
Temporal - Auditory and Vestibular
Occipital - Visual interpretation
How many layers does the gray matter at the surface of the cerebrum have
6 layers and have different columns organized into functional areas
What are the columns of that the grey matter can be divided into?
- Primary sensory cortex
- Associated cortex
- Primary motor cortext
What is primary sensory cortex?
Receive fibres carrying sensory signals (pain, touch, smell, hearing, vision) PNS to the CNS
Areas that receive sensory signals from the brainstem to the spinal cord
What is the primary motor cortex
Performing voluntary movement from the CNS to the PNS, including skilled movement
Voluntary movement, gives rise to motor fibers that DESEND to the brainstem and spinal cord
What is the Association cortex?
Learning and intelligent behaviour
A complex patterns of circuitry linking sensory and motor system (via short interneurons), memory, emotion, behaviour
What are the primary cortical sensory areas?
Somatosensory area: touch, pain, temperature, pressure, taste
Visual area: visual input
Auditory area: Auditory input
Vestibular area: Input from the vestibular apparatus
Olfactory bulb: Olfactory input
What is the pyramidal tract or corticospinal tract of the primary motor cortex?
Primary motor area: Muscle activation
Premotor frontal cortex: plan and organize the sequence movement
Supplementary motor cortex: preparations orientation of the body to execute a particular motor task
What are the division white matter can be divided into?
Projection fibers
Association fiber
Commissural fibers
What are projection fibers
Leave the WM; terminate at the B.S, S.C, and BS
Originate in the thalamus and terminate in cerebral cortex
What are the association fibers
Connect within one hemisphere
What are the commissural fibers
Connect between the hemispheres (Corpus callosum)
