Neuro Clinical Syndromes Flashcards
What symptoms and signs are included in Proximal Myopathy?
Symptoms: “Stop-start walking”, difficulty with stairs and difficulty stacking and standing long
- Social withdrawal, ok on the flat
Signs: Observe for weakness, including crouch on legs
What are associated with Myasthenic syndrome?
MG and Lambert-Eaton (Small cell lung cancer)
Fatigue at short movements and listen to story
What are the main nerves associated with Mononeuropathy?
Ulnar Nerve: Hit funny bone
Median Nerve:
Radial Nerve:
Axillary Nerve: Dislocated shoulder, test sensation of skin over deltoid before relocating
What is the most common cause of peripheral neuropathy?
Diabetes –> Look for trophic changes inc. thickness, hairless, dryness, weakened nails and shiny
Small Fibre: Feet numb and burning pain
Large Fibre: Much more common
How is Vertebral Pain Syndrome divided?
Cervical: Stiff neck, shoulder
Thoracic: Red flag for metastases
Lumbar
No neurological symptoms, focussed on restriction of movement
What are the main factors in Radiculopathy?
Nerve root and pain is always present, and weakness.
Majority won’t have neurological signs. Often involved in C6,C7,L5,S1
C6: Radiate to thumb/base of it and controls biceps
C7: Triceps and Middle Finger
L5: Foot Drop, loss of sensation on top of foot, e.g. scuffing foot and lifting one higher than other
S1: Plantarflexion difficulty e.g. running, driving
What occurs in Spinal Claudication?
Narrowing of spinal canal, compression of spinal cord and no signs
What occurs in Cauda Equina?
Pain down both legs, change in perianal area and disturbance to bladder function. URGENT LUMBAR MRI
Where does disc affected correlate to vertebral injury?
Disc above e.g. C5/6 disc is C6 injury/signs
What is most common cause of myelopathy?
Spinal cord compression due to osteoporotic changes e.g. Osteophytes
UMN: Fine movements e.g. clumsy
What are the main features of anterior horn cell?
Progressive, nerve weakness and no pain.
What is the definition of stroke?
Sudden onset of any neurological symptom
What are the 3 main symptoms of Meningeal Inflammation?
Photophobia, Neck Stiffness and Vomiting
IF Bac Men: Fever, Short Hx and Malaise
What are the main symptoms of Frontal Lobe syndrome?
1) Loss of Executive Function –>Needs to be Bi-Frontal e.g. Dementia, Head injury, benign tumour pressing on
2) Loss of movement, motor dysphagia and problems with Broca’s area so speech difficult
What are the main symptoms of Parietal Lobe syndrome?
Difficulty with Sensation
Dyslexia, Dyscalculia
