Neuro Chapter 3, Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

• Controls Skeletal Muscle
• Conscious, Voluntary Control
• Motor Pathway: One Neuron from CNS to Effector
• Includes Sensory Neurons ( Skin, Skeletal Muscles, and Special Sense Organs)
• Releases the neurotransmitter Acetylcholine

Answer 1

Somatic Nervous System

Question 2

Which pathway relays Sensory information from Periphery to Cerebral Cortex

• Three Neurons in each pathway
  - Cell Body # 1 in Dorsal Root Ganglion
  - Cell Body # 2 In Spinal Cord or Brain Stem
  - Cell Body # 3 in Thalamus, axon extends to cerebral cortex (somatosensory area in postcentral gyrus)
• Most sensory input to right side of body reaches left side of brain ( and vice versa)

Answer 2

Somatic Sensory Pathways

Question 3

Which Tract is responsible for:

• Light Touch Sensation
• Deep Pressure Sensation

Answer 3

Anterior Spinothalamic Tracts

Question 4

Which tract is responsible for Pain Sensation
and Temperature (hot vs cold) sensation?

Answer 4

Lateral Spinothalamic Tract

Question 5

• SIGNALS COME FROM:
  
  • Upper motor neurons: Via Corticospinal tracts
  • Basal Ganglia: Help with muscle tone
  • Cerebellum: Coordination
    -Sensory neurons or interneurons via reflexes
• IMPULSES ACTIVATE LOWER MOTOR NEURONS::
  
  • Cell bodies in anterior gray of spinal cord
  • Axons –> Ventral Root –> Spinal Nerve —>
    Muscle —> Voluntary movements

Answer 5

Somatic Motor Pathways

Question 6

Which Tract has Upper Motor Neurons that Originates in the primary motor cortex (Precentral Gyrus)

• Synapses with a lower motor neuron of appropriate spinal level
• Lower Motor Neuron
  
  • Exits Spinal ventral root to the muscle for movement

Answer 6

Corticospinal Tract

Question 7

Which system is Regulated by the Hypothalamus and Brainstem

• Controls Viscera: Smooth and Cardiac Muscles and sweat and digestive glands
• Unconscious, involuntary
• Motor Pathway: Series of two neurons from CNS to effector
• Does include sensory neurons (monitors viscera)
• Two divisions: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
• Release either Acetycholine (Ach) or norepinephrine (NE)

Answer 7

Autonomic Nervous System

Question 8

What are the two divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System?

Answer 8

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

Question 9

What is it called when most viscera are supplied with nerves of both Sympathetic and Parasympathetic divisions?

Answer 9

Dual Innervation

Question 10

Which pathway Includes two motor neurons (preganglionic and postganglionic neurons)

• Preganglionic neurons from CNS to neurons in autonomic ganglion
• Postganglionic neurons from cell body in ganglion to effector

Answer 10

Autonomic Nervous System Pathway

Question 11

Which neurons have cell bodies located in the lateral gray of spinal cord segments T1-T12 + L1-L2

• Often referred to as the “thoracolumbar division”
• Axons emerge from spinal cord via anterior root of spinal nerve (along with axons of somatic motor neurons) and pass through ventral roots of spinal nerves
  
  • Most synapses with postganglionic neurons at a sympathetic trunk ganglion
  • One sympathetic preganglionic axon can synapses with 20 or more postganglionic neuron cell bodies?

Answer 11

Sympathetic Preganglionic Neurons

Question 12

One sympathetic preganglionic axon can synapes with __ or more post ganglionic neuron cell bodies

Answer 12

20

Question 13

Which neurons have Cell bodies in the Sympathetic “trunk ganglia” (2 long chains lateral to vertebrae)

- Axons pass from ganglia to viscera
- Many axons from these cell bodies pass back into spinal nerves to reach viscera    - Most leave the cervical sympathetic trunk ganglia, serve (sweat glands, smooth muscles of eye, blood vessels of face, nasal mucosa, salivary glands)     - Some cervical supply the heart    - Some leaving thoracic region serve heart, lungs, bronchi, sweat glands, blood vessels, smooth muscles of hair follicles

Answer 13

Sympathetic Postganglionic Neurons

Question 14

What are the 3 prevertebral ganglia?

Answer 14

Celiac
Superior
Inferior Mesenteric Ganglia

Question 15

What areas do the 3 prevertebral ganglia supply?

Answer 15

Abdominal viscera, stomach, intestine, kidneys, liver and spleen

Question 16

Which neurons have cell bodies located in the brain stem (nuclei of CN III, VII, IX and X) and in spinal cord segments S2-S4?

Answer 16

Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons

Question 17

The Vagus nerves (cranial nerves X) carry ___ % of all Parasympathetic nerve impulses?

Answer 17

80

Question 18

Carries both motor and sensory neurons to/from viscera within the thorax and most of the abdominal cavity

Answer 18

Vagus Nerves

Question 19

Which neurons have cell bodies lie in terminal ganglia which are located within or near the innervated organ, thus Parasympathetic nerves cause precise, localized (not widespread effects

• Unlike sympathetic nerves, parasympathetic nerves do not reach some viscera
  
  • these include sweat glands, arrector pili muscles of hairs in skin, kidneys, spleen, adrenal medullae, and the walls of most blood vessels?

Answer 19

Parasympathetic postganglionic neurons

Question 20

Which system provides the following effects on the body?
- Increase heart rate and contraction, and blood pressure
- Dilate pupils
- Dilate airways
- Dilate vessels to skeletal muscles, heart, liver and adipose tissue
- Constrict blood vessels to nonessential organs: skin, GI tract, kidneys
Mobilize nutrients for energy: Glucose and fats

Answer 20

Sympathetic Dvision

Question 21

Which system provides the following effects on the body?

• SLUDD
  
  • Salivation
  • Lacrimation
  • Urination
  • Digestion
  • Defecation
  • Decrease heart rate, airway diameter, pupil diameter

Answer 21

Parasympathetic Division