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CT 2 > Neuro - Brain? > Flashcards

Neuro - Brain? Flashcards

1
Q

3 layers of the meninges

A
  1. dura mater
  2. arachnoid
  3. pia mater
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2
Q

falx cerebri separates…

A

cerebral hemispheres

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3
Q

falx cerebelli separates…

A

cerebellar hemispheres

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4
Q

tentorium cerebelli separates…

A

cerebrum + cerebellum

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5
Q

what is unique about the epidural space?

A

it’s not a true space

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6
Q

epidural space is between…

A

dura mater and the cranium

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7
Q

subdural space is between…

A

dura mater and arachnoid mater

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8
Q

subarachnoid space is between…

A

arachnoid mater and the Pia mater

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9
Q

where do you find CSF?

A

in the subarachnoid space

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10
Q

which meninges layer is highly vascular?

A

pia mater

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11
Q

arachnoid mater follows the contour of… while the Pia mater follows the contour of…

A

arachnoid - dura mater
pia - brain

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12
Q

epidural hematoma (do/do not) cross suture line

A

do not cross suture line

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13
Q

subdural hematoma (do/do not) cross suture line

A

do cross suture line

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14
Q

what separates the right and left lateral ventricles?

A

septum pellucidum

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15
Q

where is the third ventricle situated?

A

midline + inferior to the lateral ventricles

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16
Q

where is the fourth ventricle situated?

A

anterior to the cerebellum
posterior to the pons

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17
Q

gyrus

A

ridge-like folds in the brain

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18
Q

sulcus

A

shallow grooves that separate gyri

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19
Q

what is the difference between gyrus and sulcus

A

gyri are folds in the brain where sulci are shallow and they separate the gyri

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20
Q

what is the ct range for grey matter?

A

35-45

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21
Q

what is the ct range for white matter?

A

20-30

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22
Q

what is the corpus callosum?

A

the largest, most dense collection of white matter

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23
Q

corpus callosum forms the roof of what?

A

the lateral ventricles

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24
Q

the corpus callosum is found midline. it connects what?

A

the right and left cerebral hemispheres

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25
Q

what are the 4 segments of the corpus callosum?

A

rostrum, genu, body, splenium

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26
Q

what makes up the diencephalon?

A
  • thalamus
  • hypothalamus
  • pituitary gland
  • epithalamus
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27
Q

what connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus?

A

infundibulum

28
Q

what makes up the brainstem?

A
  • midbrain
  • pons
  • medulla oblongata
29
Q

vermis

A

connects the lateral hemispheres

30
Q

cerebellar peduncles

A

nerve fiber tracts connecting the cerebellum to the brainstem

31
Q

how does the internal carotid arteries enter the cranium?

A

carotid canal of temporal bone

32
Q

subclavian artery gives rise to?

A

vertebral arteries

33
Q

structure that shunts between two anterior cerebral arteries

A

anterior communicating artery

34
Q

portion of the sphenoid bone that supports the pituitary gland

A

sella turcica

35
Q

hole in the occipital bone that the spinal cord passes through

A

foramen magnum

36
Q

portion of the dura mater within the transverse fissure is…

A

tentorium cerebelli

37
Q

frontal lobe is located anterior to which sulcus?

A

central sulcus

38
Q

narrow ventricle within the diencephalon

A

third ventricle

39
Q

structure that forms the roof of the third ventricle

A

epithalamus

40
Q

arteries that derive from the subclavian arteries

A

vertebral

41
Q

each internal carotid artery divide into these two arteries

A

anterior and middle cerebral arteries

42
Q

on an axial CT slide through the level of the pons, you will also be able to visualize:
1. 3rd ventricle
2. 4th ventricle
3. thalamus
4. basilar artery

A

4th ventricle and basilar artery

43
Q

what blood vessel runs anterior to the pons?

A

basilar artery

44
Q

fluid filled space at the level of the pons and clivus?

A

4th ventricle

45
Q

what channel communicates between the two lateral ventricles and the 3rd ventricle?

A

foramen of monro

46
Q

portion of the diencephalon that forms the lateral walls of the 3rd ventricle

A

thalamus

47
Q

sigmoid sinus

A

drains into the internal jugular vein

48
Q

cerebral aqueduct

A

allows passage of fluid between 3rd and 4th ventricles

49
Q

vessel that ascends through the transverse foramen

A

Vertebral artery

50
Q

what are the venous channels formed by the dura mater?

A

dural venous sinuses

51
Q

what are the three major dural sinuses?

A
  1. superior sagittal sinus
  2. inferior sagittal sinus
  3. straight sinus
52
Q

what is the typical WW and WL for brain imaging?

A

WW 160
WL 40

53
Q

what is the typical WW and WL for bones?

A

WW 2500
WL 400

54
Q

what does a higher window width mean?

A

allows for high contrast structures to be demonstrated (due to the higher difference in tissue attenuation)
bone vs. air

55
Q

what are some indications for a NECT head scan?

A
  • early infarction
  • intracerebral hemorrhage
  • dementia
  • hydrocephalus
  • trauma
56
Q

what are some indications for a NECT and CECT head scan?

A
  • mass or lesion
  • metastasis
  • arteriovenous malformation
  • aneurysm
  • “worst than life” headache
  • seizure
57
Q

what is the CT number for CSF?

A

4-8

58
Q

CT number for blood? clotted blood?

A

blood - 40-50
clotted blood - 60-110

59
Q

mass effect

A

displacement of soft tissue of the brain due to lesions

60
Q

what do you look for for a mass effect?

A

a midlife shift

61
Q

what are four acute bleeds that can occur inside the brain?

A
  1. epidural hematoma
  2. subdural hematoma
  3. subarachnoid hemorrhage
  4. intracerebral hemorrhage
62
Q

TS-OP line

A

tuberculum sellae-occipital protuberance line

parallel to anterior commissure-posterior commissure line

63
Q

indications for a CT sinus scan

A
  • chronic sinusitis
  • inflammatory sinus disease
  • pre-operative
  • polyps
64
Q

indications for ct facial bone scan

A
  • facial fx
  • soft tissue injury
  • foreign body
65
Q

indications for a NECT orbit scan

A
  • foreign body
  • trauma
66
Q

indications for a CECT orbit scan

A
  • intraorbital mass
  • thyroid ophthalmopathy
  • inflammation
  • infection
  • vascular injury/trauma
67
Q

indications for a cta head

A
  • locate/assess known aneurysm
  • arteriovenous malformation
  • assess known intracranial hemorrhage

CT 2 (7 decks)

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