Neuro - Brain? Flashcards
3 layers of the meninges
- dura mater
- arachnoid
- pia mater
falx cerebri separates…
cerebral hemispheres
falx cerebelli separates…
cerebellar hemispheres
tentorium cerebelli separates…
cerebrum + cerebellum
what is unique about the epidural space?
it’s not a true space
epidural space is between…
dura mater and the cranium
subdural space is between…
dura mater and arachnoid mater
subarachnoid space is between…
arachnoid mater and the Pia mater
where do you find CSF?
in the subarachnoid space
which meninges layer is highly vascular?
pia mater
arachnoid mater follows the contour of… while the Pia mater follows the contour of…
arachnoid - dura mater
pia - brain
epidural hematoma (do/do not) cross suture line
do not cross suture line
subdural hematoma (do/do not) cross suture line
do cross suture line
what separates the right and left lateral ventricles?
septum pellucidum
where is the third ventricle situated?
midline + inferior to the lateral ventricles
where is the fourth ventricle situated?
anterior to the cerebellum
posterior to the pons
gyrus
ridge-like folds in the brain
sulcus
shallow grooves that separate gyri
what is the difference between gyrus and sulcus
gyri are folds in the brain where sulci are shallow and they separate the gyri
what is the ct range for grey matter?
35-45
what is the ct range for white matter?
20-30
what is the corpus callosum?
the largest, most dense collection of white matter
corpus callosum forms the roof of what?
the lateral ventricles
the corpus callosum is found midline. it connects what?
the right and left cerebral hemispheres
what are the 4 segments of the corpus callosum?
rostrum, genu, body, splenium
what makes up the diencephalon?
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
- pituitary gland
- epithalamus
what connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus?
infundibulum
what makes up the brainstem?
- midbrain
- pons
- medulla oblongata
vermis
connects the lateral hemispheres
cerebellar peduncles
nerve fiber tracts connecting the cerebellum to the brainstem
how does the internal carotid arteries enter the cranium?
carotid canal of temporal bone
subclavian artery gives rise to?
vertebral arteries
structure that shunts between two anterior cerebral arteries
anterior communicating artery
portion of the sphenoid bone that supports the pituitary gland
sella turcica
hole in the occipital bone that the spinal cord passes through
foramen magnum
portion of the dura mater within the transverse fissure is…
tentorium cerebelli
frontal lobe is located anterior to which sulcus?
central sulcus
narrow ventricle within the diencephalon
third ventricle
structure that forms the roof of the third ventricle
epithalamus
arteries that derive from the subclavian arteries
vertebral
each internal carotid artery divide into these two arteries
anterior and middle cerebral arteries
on an axial CT slide through the level of the pons, you will also be able to visualize:
1. 3rd ventricle
2. 4th ventricle
3. thalamus
4. basilar artery
4th ventricle and basilar artery
what blood vessel runs anterior to the pons?
basilar artery
fluid filled space at the level of the pons and clivus?
4th ventricle
what channel communicates between the two lateral ventricles and the 3rd ventricle?
foramen of monro
portion of the diencephalon that forms the lateral walls of the 3rd ventricle
thalamus
sigmoid sinus
drains into the internal jugular vein
cerebral aqueduct
allows passage of fluid between 3rd and 4th ventricles
vessel that ascends through the transverse foramen
Vertebral artery
what are the venous channels formed by the dura mater?
dural venous sinuses
what are the three major dural sinuses?
- superior sagittal sinus
- inferior sagittal sinus
- straight sinus
what is the typical WW and WL for brain imaging?
WW 160
WL 40
what is the typical WW and WL for bones?
WW 2500
WL 400
what does a higher window width mean?
allows for high contrast structures to be demonstrated (due to the higher difference in tissue attenuation)
bone vs. air
what are some indications for a NECT head scan?
- early infarction
- intracerebral hemorrhage
- dementia
- hydrocephalus
- trauma
what are some indications for a NECT and CECT head scan?
- mass or lesion
- metastasis
- arteriovenous malformation
- aneurysm
- “worst than life” headache
- seizure
what is the CT number for CSF?
4-8
CT number for blood? clotted blood?
blood - 40-50
clotted blood - 60-110
mass effect
displacement of soft tissue of the brain due to lesions
what do you look for for a mass effect?
a midlife shift
what are four acute bleeds that can occur inside the brain?
- epidural hematoma
- subdural hematoma
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- intracerebral hemorrhage
TS-OP line
tuberculum sellae-occipital protuberance line
parallel to anterior commissure-posterior commissure line
indications for a CT sinus scan
- chronic sinusitis
- inflammatory sinus disease
- pre-operative
- polyps
indications for ct facial bone scan
- facial fx
- soft tissue injury
- foreign body
indications for a NECT orbit scan
- foreign body
- trauma
indications for a CECT orbit scan
- intraorbital mass
- thyroid ophthalmopathy
- inflammation
- infection
- vascular injury/trauma
indications for a cta head
- locate/assess known aneurysm
- arteriovenous malformation
- assess known intracranial hemorrhage
