Neck Flashcards
3 segments of the pharynx
- nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx
superior border of nasopharynx
pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
posterior border of nasopharynx
clivus/c-spine
lateral wall of nasopharynx
contains auditory tube
inferior border of nasopharynx
soft palate
oropharynx contains…
soft palate to level of hyoid bone
what separates the oropharynx from the larynx?
epiglottis
what does the oropharynx contain?
palatine tonsils and lingual tonsils
laryngopharynx contains…
level of hyoid bone to entrance of larynx + esophagus
piriform sinuses
depressions within the lateral walls of the laryngopharynx
image landmarks for nasopharynx
teeth + hard palate
image landmarks for oropharynx
mandible, maybe lingual tonsils
image landmarks for laryngopharynx
larynx, thyroid cartilage, common carotid artery + internal jugular vein
C_ to C_ is where you typically find the larynx
C3 to C6
larynx
“voice box”
protects vocal chords
the larynx extends from … to …
larynopharynx to trachea
how many cartilage rings make up the larynx?
9
largest and most superior cartilage ring of the larynx?
thyroid cartilage
trachea extends from … to …
larynx to lungs
(bifurcates into R/L mainstream bronchi at carina)
trachea is protected by ___ c-shaped cartilages
16-20
esophagus extends from … to …
laryngopharynx to cardiac orifice of the stomach
what is the opening that allows the esophagus to enter the abdominal cavity?
esophageal hiatus
which cartilage does the esophagus begin?
cricoid cartilage
3 paired salivary glands
- parotid
- submandibular
- sublingual
largest salivary glands
parotid
smallest salivary glands
sublingual
submandibular is more (anterior/posterior) than sublingual
s.m. is more posterior than s.l.
parotid glands are found between …
auricle and the ramus of the mandible
parotid glands extend from … to …
level of the external auditory meatus to gonion (apex of the angle on the jaw)
where do you find the submandibular glands?
it borders the posterior half of the mandible
from gonion to level of the hyoid bone
where do you find the sublingual glands?
under the tongue; floor of the mouth
what joins the two lobes of the thyroid gland?
isthmus
parathyroid glands sit (anteriorly/posteriorly) on the surface of thyroid lobes
posteriorly
thyroid glands are at the level of the ___ cartilage.
cricoid
bifurcation of the common carotid artery occurs at the level of the ___ cartilage.
thyroid cartilage (C3-C4)
internal carotid artery enters the skull through… of the … bone
carotid canal of the temporal bone
external carotid artery travels through the …. gland to the level of the …
parotid glands to level of TMJ
at lower levels, external carotid artery is … to the internal carotid artery.
lower: ECA is anterior and MEDIAL to ICA
at higher levels, external carotid artery is … to the internal carotid artery.
higher: ECA is anterior and LATERAL to ICA
brachiocephalic artery gives rise to the (R/L) common carotid artery
right common carotid artery
aortic arch gives rise to the (R/L) common carotid artery
left common carotid artery
vertebral arteries arise from …
subclavian arteries
vertebral arteries ascend from C_ to C_.
C6 to C1
transverse foramina
opening that allows for vertebral arteries to ascend through
vertebral arteries enter the skull through the ____.
foramen magnum
once in the skull, vertebral arteries merge to form …
basilar artery
internal jugular vein + subclavian vein = ___
brachiocephalic vein
internal jugular veins are (medial/lateral) to common carotid artery
IJV lateral to CCA
internal jugular veins are (anterior/posterior) to internal carotid artery
IJV posterior to ICA
where does the external jugular vein being?
near the angle of the mandible
where does the external jugular vein empty into?
the subclavian vein
vertebral veins drain into…
brachiocephalic veins
what is the valsalva maneuver?
patient blowing out their cheeks
what is the purpose of the valsalva maneuver?
to distend the piriform sinuses for better visualization
contrast for neck scans will enhance …
mucosa, lymph nodes, vasculature, and pathologic tissues
indication(s) for a CECT soft tissue neck scan
- neck mass
- vascular abnormality
- lymphadenopathy
- cysts
- abscess
indication(s) for NECT soft tissue neck
salivary stones
gold standard for stroke image
CTA for neck imaging
CTA for neck imaging scans…
carotid arteries + CoW
3 categories of stroke
- ischemic = blockage of an artery
- hemorrhagic = bleed somewhere
- hypotensive = lack of blood flow
most common type of stroke
ischemic
2 main types of ischemic strokes
- thrombotic - clot or fatty deposit within artery
- embolic - travelling particle that lodges into smaller artery and cutting off the supply
what is the key difference between the symptoms of a TIA of the carotid arteries vs. TIA of the basilar artery?
basilar artery = more issues with coordination (motor deficits, speech issues, facial palsies)
carotid (difficulty thinking, reasoning, memory, speech)
at the level of c1, the external carotid artery lies anterior and medial to the interior carotid artery. T/F
false
at what level do the common carotid arteries bifurcate?
C4
vertebral veins drain into the brachiocephalic vein. T/F
true
why are the parotid glands the easiest to see on CT images?
they contain fatty tissue and lymph nodes
trachea is protected posteriorly by…
elastic connective tissue
larynx has respiratory function. T/F
true
pharynx divides at the level of this cartilage.
cricoid
salivary glands that is seen in the same transverse slice as the hyoid bone
submandibular glands
vertebra = atlas = C__
C1
u-shaped bone that doesn’t articulate with any other bone.
hyoid
esophagus originates at about the level of this vertebra
C6
major arteries running up the side of the neck and sitting closest to the thyroid gland and trachea …
common carotid arteries
