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medicine > Neuro basics > Flashcards

Neuro basics Flashcards

1
Q

what is found in the diencephalon?

A

thalamus, epithalamus, hypothalamus and subthalmus and basal ganglia

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2
Q

What is the basal ganglia?

A

contains caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, putamen, claustrum and amygdala

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3
Q

In CNS a bundle of axons is called?

In PNS a bundle of axons is called?

A
  1. A tract

2. A nerve

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4
Q

Do cervical nerves exit over or below there corresponding numbered vertebrae?

A

over

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5
Q

Do thoracic nerves and lower exit over or below there corresponding numbered vertebrae?

A

below (C8 is found between C7 and T1)

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6
Q

Spinal cord ends at what level?

A

L1/2

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7
Q

What nerves form the caudal equina?

A

L2-S5

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8
Q

What does the brain stem contain?

A

Midbrain, pons, medula
(pons lies squashed against the clivus, it is here where the brain can sometimes go through the foramen magnum due to pressure difference)

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9
Q

What is the major connection between the two cerebral hemispheres?

A

Corpus callous

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10
Q

2 main arteries which supply brain

A

internal carotid- divides to form anterior and middle cerebral arteries

Vertebral artery- becomes basilar artery (at level of pons) and then becomes Posterior cerebral artery /Users/roisinlaverty/Desktop/Screen Shot 2016-10-06 at 12.20.36.png

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11
Q

obstruction of the right internal carotid artery would cause weakness and loss of sensation where?

A

Left side of body

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12
Q

obstruction of the vertebral artery would cause what?

A

visual loss and dizziness (as it affects circulation to the visual area of the cerebrum, brain stem and cerebellum

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13
Q

What area of cerebrum does MCA supply?

A

lateral surface of cerebrum

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14
Q

What area of cerebrum does ACA supply?

A

entire middle area of the cerebrum hemisphere

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15
Q

What area of cerebrum does PCA supply?

A

supplies cerebellum

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16
Q 
Look at homunculus. 
What part of body is affected if:
1. ACA is blocked?
2. MCA is blocked?
3. PCA is blocked?
A
  1. loses strength and sensation in lower part of body

2. loses strength and sensation in upper part of body

17
Q

Arteries which supply the cerebellum?

A 
SAP
superior cerebellar a
Anterior inferior cerebellar a
posterior inferior cerebellar a 
(these also supply areas of the brain stem)
18
Q

Where does 3rd cranial nerve exist with regards to circle of willis?

A

between the Posterior cerebral artery and the anterior inferior cerebellar artery

19
Q

What separates brain from cranial bone?

A

PAD (inside out)
Pia, (subarachnoid) arachnoid and dura
AKA meninges

20
Q

dura dips down in between cerebrum hemispheres to form?

dura dips down between the cerebrum and the cerebellum to form?

A

the falx cerebelli

tentorium cerebelli

21
Q

Where do the veins from the brain drain?

A

internal jugular vein

22
Q

what sinus can be involved in ear infection?

A

transverse sinus

23
Q

what secretes CSF?

A

Choroid plexus

24
Q

Flow of CSF starting at the two lateral ventricles?

A
  1. Lateral ventricles (through interventricular foramina)
  2. Third ventricle (through aqueduct of sylvius)
  3. Fourth ventricle
  4. Goes outside brainstem and into subarachnoid space
  5. goes to superior sagittal sinus
25
Q

If the CSF pathway is obstructed at any time what does this lead to?

A

swelling of the lateral ventricles ( hydrocephalus)

26
Q

Does CSF circulate into the spinal canal?

A

NO

27
Q

Expanded areas of subarachnoid space are called?

A

cisterns (largest is lumbar cistern, between L2 and S2)

Spinal fluid is extracted from this space during spinal tap, crest of iliac bone provide landmark for centre of cistern

28
Q

Subarachnoid haemorrhage is usually due to what?

A

leak from aneurysm in circle of willis

29
Q

What is felt during subarachnoid haemorrhage?

A

being hit on back of head

headache and back ache

30
Q

What does subdural haemorrhage result from?

A

tearing of bridging veins

31
Q

Epidural haemorrhage coincides with what?

A

A skull fracture

32
Q

About the dorsal column.

A

Read page 21 of neuro made easy

medicine (8 decks)

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