Neuro Assessment Flashcards
1
Q
The neurological system is responsible for…
A
- controlling and affecting the function of all body systems
- allows interactions with the external wound
- happens through transmission of chemical and electrical signals between brain and body
2
Q
Basic functions of the brain
A
- cognition
- emotion
- memory
- sensation and perception
- homeostasis
3
Q
The CNS is composed of….
A
- brain and spinal cord
- cerebral function
- cerebellar function
4
Q
The PNS is composed of…
A
- nerves
- sensory function
- motor function
5
Q
Cerebral is the
A
frontal lobe of the brain
6
Q
Cerebral function is
A
- intellectual and behavior function
- LOC
- orientation
- mental status
- cognitive function
- communication
7
Q
Cerebellar is the..
A
- bottom portion of the brain
- little brain
8
Q
Cerebellar function
A
- coordinates skeletal and muscle movements
- regulates muscle tone
- largely responsible for proprioception or maintaining body posture
9
Q
How many lobes in the brain
A
- 4 lobes plus cerebellum and brainstem
10
Q
Nerves function
A
- carry out transmission of chemical and electrical signal between the brain and the rest of the body
- we can assess motor and sensory nerves
11
Q
What part of the brain is responsible for intellectual and behavioral function?
A
Cerebral
12
Q
What part of the brain is responsible for coordinating muscle movements?
A
Cerebellar
13
Q
What is responsible for transmitting signals from the brain to the rest of the body?
A
Nerves
14
Q
If you have a confused patient
A
- introduce yourself
- face patient
- allow time
- establish routine
- reorient
15
Q
subjective: Health history symptoms
A
- headaches
- dizziness
- speech
- muscle control
- memory loss
- paresthesia
- senses
16
Q
Subjective: Health history questions
A
- Do you have any history of nerve or brain problems?
- Any head trauma? Loss of consciousness, dizziness, etc
- Any memory problems or forgetfulness?
- Any weakness, numbness, or paralysis?
- Any history of alcohol or drug use?
17
Q
Objective Data
A
- Cerebral function> mental status
- cranial nerve function
- motor and cerebellum function
- sensory system function
- reflex system
18
Q
Assessing Level of Consciousness(LOC)
A
- assess behavior and arousal
- orientation
19
Q
Expected findings: LOC
A
- well groomed/appropriate expression
- awake alert, and responsive
- patient is orientated to time, place, person, situation
- alert and orientated x4
20
Q
Different arousal techniques
A
- verbal stimuli
- tactile stimuli(touch)
- painful stimuli(sternal rub)
21
Q
Glasgow coma scale is a
A
- tool to document LOC
- 15: no imparment
- < 8: comatose
- <3: totally unresponsive
- lower number is more concerning
22
Q
How many cranial nerves are there?
A
12 CN
23
Q
CN I
A
- OLFACTORY
- occlude one nostril
- sniff and aromatic substances
24
Q
CN II
A
- OPTIC
- ask client to identify smallest print readable(snellen chart)
- sensory nerve
25
CN III
- OCULOMOTOR
- Test EOMS by having client move eye through 6 cardinal field of gaze
- test pupil reaction to light and accommodation
- PERRLA
26
-CN IV
- TROCHLEAR
- Test EOMS by having client move eye through 6 cardinal field of gaze
- test pupil reaction to light and accommodation
- PERRLA
27
CN V
- TRIGEMINAL
- motor function> move jaw side to side, bite down
- sensory function> close eyes and identify when touch forehead
- corneal reflex> touch cornea with wisp of cotton or air
28
CN VI
- ABDUCENS
- Test EOMS by having client move eye through 6 cardinal field of gaze
- test pupil reaction to light and accommodation
- PERRLA
29
CN VII
- FACIAL NERVE
- test motor function with smile, frown, raise eyebrows, puff cheeks
30
CN VIII
- AUDITORY
- watch tick test
- romberg test
31
CN IX
- GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL
- observe talking, swallowing, cough
- motor: depress tongue and say ahh
- sensory: touch the pharynx with tongue blade to induce gag reflex
- Taste: test with sweet, salty, or sour
32
CN X
- VAGUS NERVE
- observe talking, swallowing, cough
- motor: depress tongue and say ahh
- sensory: touch the pharynx with tongue blade to induce gag reflex
- Taste: test with sweet, salty, or sour
33
CN XI
- SPINAL ACCESSORY
- place hands on shoulder, have client raise them with resistance
- place hand on head, turn side to side with resistence
34
CN XII
- HYPOGLOSSAL
- have client stick out tongue and move side to side
35
The cerebellum helps coordinate muscle movement of the skeleton, regulate muscle tone, and maintain posture T or F
TRUE
36
Assessing sensory function techniques
- superficial sensation> touch
- light touch> brush cotton on skin
- pain> toothpick on skin
- temperatures> hot/cold on skin
- Kinetic sensation> position sense> eyes closed finger up or down
37
Deep Tendon Reflexes include what reflexes
- bicep reflex
- tricep reflex
- brachioradalis reflex
- patellar reflex
- achilles reflex
38
Deep tendon reflex grading scale
0: no response
+ 1: diminished response
+2: NORMAL response
+3: response somewhat stronger than normal
+4: response is hyperactive
39
How do you test CN III, IV, VI
Test 6 cardinal fields of gaze and PERRLA
40
Which nerve is CN VII
Facial nerve
41
Newborn CN exam
- CN II> response to light, corneal light reflex
- CN III, IV, VI> eye movements
- CN VII> facial movements> asymmetry when crying
- CN VIII> response to sound
- CN IX + X> quality and strength of the cry
- CN X> Gag
- CN V, VII, IX, and XII> sucking and swallowing
42
Newborn reflexes
- blinking, sneezing, gagging, coughing
- babinski: toes fan out
- moro: startle reflex
- rooting: turn towards stimuli
- palmar and plantar grasp> finger/ toe curl around finger placed in the area
43
Pediatric Varaitions
- LOC> assess the interaction of infants and toddlers with their parents to assess alertness
- school-age> should be able to say name and place
- Balance> observe gait, balance, coordination
- older children> skip/ walk heel to toe for balance
44
Older adult variations
- memory issues can begin
- short term mem decreases
- decreased perception to temperature and pain
- taste and smell becomes dimished
- reflexes are slower, may lose achilles reflex
45
Death of a brain cell that occurs when there is a block is called
ischemic stroke
46
Death of a brain cell that occurs when there is a bleed is called
hemorrhagic stroke
47
Modifiable risk factors
- smoking
- hypertension
- birth control
- obseity
- deit
- high cholestral
48
non-modifiable risk factors
- age
- gender
- race
- family history
- prior stroke/tia
49
FAST acronym
F: Face drooping> uneven smile
A: arm weakness> one arm weak/ drift downward
S: speech difficulties
T: time to call 911
50
Other signs of stroke
- numbness
- confusion
- trouble seeing
- trouble walking
- severe headache
- balance issues
