Musculoskeletal assessment Flashcards
What is the musculoskeletal system
- Bones, muscles, and joints
- controlled by the nervous system
- contains calcium and phosporus
Purpose of the musculoskeletal system
provide structure and movement for body parts
Structure and Function: Bones
- Provide structure, protection, serve as levers, store calcium, and produce red blood cells
- 206 bones in the body
- Long bones, Short bones, Flat bones, irregular bones
- bones are constantly building and remodeling w/ osteoclast and osteoblast
- bones contain red and yellow bone marrow
- living tissue, needs blood supply
Long bone examples
humerus & tibia
Short bone examples
metatar(car)pals & filanges
Flat bone examples
Sternum & ribs
Irregular bone examples
vertebrae & sacrum
Osteoclast
- clean up crew
- breakdown old bone
Osteoblast
- building crew
- build new bone
Structure and function: Joints
- place where two or more bones meet
- 3 types of joints: Synarthoses, Amphiarthroses, and synovial
purpose: provide range of motion - needs further investigation if joint has a color change or joint deformity*
Synarthrotic Joints
- Connects two bones with fibrous connective tissue
- immovable
- ex. sutures between skull bones
Amphiarthrotic joints
- Joining of bone together via cartilage
- ex. vertebrae
Diarthroses(Synovial) joints
- Bones attach together via ligaments
- Have a space between bone-filled synovial fluid
- ex. shoulders, wrist, knees
How does the musculoskeletal system stay attached?
- Cartilage, Ligaments, and Tendons
Cartilage
- smooth, elastic connective tissue that cushions around the joint
- rib cage, nose, vertebral discs
Tendons
- Fibrous connective tissue attaches muscles to bone
- MUSCLE TO BONE
Ligaments
- Fibrous tissue that connects most moveable joints
- Allow freedom of movement but strong to prevent overextension
- BONE TO BONE
Structure and Function: Muscle
- Skeletal muscles attaches to bone via tendons
- 3 types: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac
Skeletal muscle
Purpose: movement, posture, body heat
- surrounds skeletal system(bones)
Smooth muscle example
- digestive system
Cardiac muscle example
- muscles surrounding the heart
Motor Nervous system
- controls the movement of the musculoskeletal system
- Autonomic: controls involuntary muscles
- Somatic: controls voluntary skeletal muscles
What is the purpose of osteoclast
- To breakdown old or damaged tissue
Which type of joint provides the greatest range of motion and protects the joint with a fluid-filled space
Synovial