Neuro and Anesthetics Flashcards

1
Q

What is a seizure?

A

hyper excited neurons called a focus

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2
Q

how many sides of the brain is a focal onset seizure?

A

on hemisphere

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3
Q

Generalized onset seizures use what sides of the brain?

A

both sides

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4
Q

Goal of seizure tx?

A

allow pt to live a near normal or normal life

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5
Q

All seizure meds carry a risk of causing what?

A

suicide

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6
Q

Phenytoin Loading Dose?

A

15mg/kg

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7
Q

Mx dose of Phenytonin

A

300-400mg qd

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8
Q

Phenytoin is the drug of choice for what?

A

Emergencies, status epilepticus

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9
Q

Do not use Phenytoin if pat has what?

A

2nd or 3rd heart block, bradycardia or SA block

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10
Q

What people may have tog et genetic testing because of mutation before using Phytnoin?

A

Asian

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11
Q

Carbamazepine is also called what?

A

Tegretol

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12
Q

What is Tegterol used for besides seizures?

A

Bi Polar, and trigeminal neuralgia

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13
Q

What lab do you what to get a baseline of when giving Tegretol?

A

CBC

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14
Q

What is a common side effect of Tegretol?

A

Tinnitus

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15
Q

What should patients not drink when taking Tegretol?

A

Grapefruit Juice

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16
Q

Valporate is also called what?

A

Depakote

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17
Q

Depakote dose?

A

500mg-1g daily

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18
Q

Do not give Depakote if someone has what?

A

liver condition

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19
Q

What is a black box warning for Depakote?

A

Hepatotoxicity

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20
Q

If patient is taking Depokote and Topiramate what should you assess for?

A

Hyperammonemia

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21
Q

Oxycarbazepine daily dose?

A

300mg-600mg

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22
Q

MOA of ocyarbazepine?

A

Blocks sodium channels

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23
Q

Keppra Dose?

A

500mg BID

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24
Q

What is the off label use for Keppra?

A

TBI, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and status epileptics

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25
Q

What is a rare adverse effect Keppra can cause?

A

Neuropsychiatric sx

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26
Q

Gabapentin common SE?

A

dizziness, fatigue, peripheral edema

27
Q

Baclofen dose?

A

15-20mg po bid/tid

28
Q

What to avoid with Baclofen?

A

alcohol and other CNS depressantas

29
Q

What can abrupt withdraw of this med cause?

A

seizures

30
Q

What drug is used to CP, malignant hyperthermia and spasticity?

A

Dantrolene

31
Q

Where does Dantrolene work?

A

the level of the muscle

32
Q

What can dantrolene cause?

A

Muscle Atrophy

33
Q

What is a serious SE of Dantrolene?

A

Hepatotoxicity

34
Q

Common SE of Dantrolene?

A

muscle weaknessm N/V, drowsiness

35
Q

Flexeril dose?

A

10mg TID

36
Q

Serious SE of Flexeril?

A

Cardiac rhythm disturbances

37
Q

What drugs should you not use with Flexeril and why?

A

MAOI because could cause serotonin syndrome

38
Q

Is Flexeril centrally acting?

A

Yes

39
Q

Sx of Serotonin Syndrome?

A

Tachy, Sweating, NVD, Fever
CNS, ANS, Neuromuscular, GI

40
Q

Robin dose?

A

1000mg QID

41
Q

Rate to push IV Robin?

A

3mL/min

42
Q

What should you have patient do after giving Robin?

A

Have them laying on side for 10-15 min post administration

43
Q

Education to patients that are taking Robin?

A

May turn urine green, brown, black

44
Q

Valium dose?

A

2-10mg TID/QID

45
Q

What vS do you want to monitor the most when giving Valium?

A

Respiratory rate

46
Q

What is the MOA of Valium?

A

Makes GABBA activate at spinal cord

47
Q

What happens if you stop taking Valium quick?

A

Withdraw Sx

48
Q

MOA of local Anesthetics?

A

Blocks Na+ channel in the axonal membrane stoping Na from entry, stoping activity of neurons.

49
Q

Can kids under 2 get Benzocain and why or why not?

A

No because it can turn them blue with the methemoglobin.

50
Q

What do you want to monitor when giving someone local anesthetics?

A

VS, EKG, use least amount needed, and look for allergic reactions

51
Q

Ester is used for what?

A

Local anesthesia and pain suppression

52
Q

What delays absorption of Novocain Ester type?

A

Epinephrine

53
Q

Adverse effect of Novocaine Ester type?

A

Allergic reaction are very significant

54
Q

If a patient is allergic to what they should be considered allergic to all Ester anesthetics?

A

Procaine

55
Q

Novocaine is also called what?

A

Procaine

56
Q

What is an amide type anesthetic?

A

Lidocaine

57
Q

Adverse Effects of Lidocaine?

A

CNS effects, Cardio effects, and low risk to allergic reactions

58
Q

Serious AE to Lidocaine amide type anesthetic?

A

Cardiovascular toxicity

59
Q

What is Xylocaine?

A

Brand name of Lidocaine

60
Q

Lidocaine with Eli does what?

A

decreases blood flow by vasoconstriction delaying systemic absorption of anesthetic

61
Q

Why add Eli?

A

Reduces the potential for systemic toxicity

62
Q

Appy how much topical anesthetic?

A

smallest amount needed

63
Q

Avoid application of topical anesthetic to what?

A

Large areas, broken or irritated skin, heating site and strenuous exercise, or wrapping area