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Pharm 2 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Indications for Heparin?

A

PE, VTE Prpx, DIC, MI

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2
Q

Indication for Lovenox?

A

Post Surgery and MI unstabel angina STEMI

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3
Q

Indication for warfin?

A

Long term prox of thrombisis, DVT and PE prevention, Heart valves, and AFIB

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4
Q

Indication for Eliquis?

A

stroke and embolism prevention DVT prophalyxis

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5
Q

Indications for Xarelto?

A

DVT PE prevention, stroke in AFIB DVT PET tx

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6
Q

Indication of Pradaxa ?

A

DVT and PE tx,

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7
Q

MOA of heparin?

A

inactivates thrombin and Xa

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8
Q

MOA of Lovenox?

A

inactivates Xa and less thrombin because of short chain

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9
Q

MOA of Warfin?

A

Vit K Antagonist prothrombin and X stopper

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10
Q

Eliquis MOA?

A

Selective Xa inhibitor

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11
Q

Xarelto MOA?

A

Selective inhibition of Xa

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12
Q

Pradaxa MOA?

A

Thrombin inhibitor

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13
Q

Reversal Agent for Heprin?

A

Protamine sulfate

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14
Q

Reversal Agent for Lovenox?

A

Protomine Sulfate

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15
Q

Antidote for Warfin?

A

VitK

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16
Q

Eliquis Reversal Agent?

A

Andexxa

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17
Q

Xeralto reversal agent?

A

Andexxa

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18
Q

Labs to monitor Heprn?

A

aPTT or anti-Xa assay

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19
Q

Labs to moitor Warfin?

A

PT (INR)

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20
Q

Monitor labs for warfin how often when starting use?

A

daily q5 days, then 2x per week 1-2 weeks, 1x per week 1-2 months the q 2-4 weeks

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21
Q

Routes for Heprin?

A

SQ, IV

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22
Q

Platlets level for HIT?

A

less than 100,000

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23
Q

normal aPTT value?

A

40 seconds

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24
Q

aPTT value if on heprin?

A

60-80 seconds

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25
Q

Half life of heprin?

A

1.5 hours

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26
Q

Do not use heparin after what type of surgery?

A

eye, brain, or spinal cord surgery

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27
Q

It someone on Heparin gets HIT what anticoaug do you give them?

A

Argatroban

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28
Q

SE of Lovenox?

A

Bleeding neuro injury

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29
Q

What is the forst line therapy for prevention and tx of DVT?

A

Lovenox

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30
Q

What is a serious SE of Warfin?

A

optic atrophy

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31
Q

What drugs are inducers making less drug available?

A

Carbamazepine, phenytonin, rifampin, st john wart

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32
Q

What drug are inhibitors, increaseing effects?

A

ketoconazole, itraconazole, ritonavir

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33
Q

Can prego women take Warfin?

A

No

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34
Q

What anticoagulant can prego wone take?

A

Heparin

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35
Q

What class of drug is Xarelto?

A

Xa inhibitor

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36
Q

What class of drug is Dabigatran?

A

Direct Thrombin Inhibitor

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37
Q

What is reveersal agent for Pradaxa?

A

Praxbind aka idarucizumb

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38
Q

If somone is having dyspepsia due to Pradaxa what do you give them?

A

food or PPI

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39
Q

Indications for ASA?

A

Stroke, TIA, angina, MI, MI hx, 65 older men and women

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40
Q

Indication for Plavix?

A

Post event med, px blocking coronary artery stents, reent MI

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41
Q

Indications for Alteplase?

A

MI, ischemie stroke massive PE (saddle)

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42
Q

ASA MOA?

A

Irreversible inhibition of cyclooxgenase

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43
Q

MOA of Plavix?

A

Blocks ADP receptors stopping ADP platlet aggregation

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44
Q

MOA of Aleplase?

A

covnersion of plasminogen to plasmin stopping the fibrin matrix of thrombi

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45
Q

ASA SE?

A

Gi bleed….hemorrhagic stroke

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46
Q

Plavix SE?

A

not many but similar to ASA. TTP

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47
Q

Serious SE of TPA?

A

Bleeding and intracranial hemorrhage

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48
Q

Nursing considerations for tPA?

A

must get CT, watch for bleeding, dont be dumb

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49
Q

How long till someone can et tPA?

A

4.5 hours

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50
Q

Plavix nursing considerations?

A

bleeding, stop 5 days before surgery, ITP

51
Q

ASA nursing considerations?

A

stop using 7-10 days before surgery

52
Q

What are Class I antidysrhythmic?

A

Sodium Channel Blockers

53
Q

What are class II antidysrhythmic?

A

Beta Blockers

54
Q

What are class III antidysrhythmic?

A

K+ channel blockers

55
Q

What are class IV antidysrhythmic?

A

Calcium channel blockers

56
Q

What drug is a class 1A?

A

Quinidine

57
Q

What drug is a class 1B?

A

Lidocaine

58
Q

What drug is a class 1C?

A

Flecainide

59
Q

What drug is a class II?

A

Propranolol

60
Q

What drug is a class III?

A

Amiodarone

61
Q

What drugs are class IV?

A

Diltiazem and Verapamil

62
Q

Why would you use Quinidine?

A

A-Fib, A-F;utter, SVT and Sustained VT

63
Q

Why use lidiocaine?

A

Severe ventricular dysrhythmias

64
Q

Why use propranolol?

A

A-fib/A-flutter, tachy dysrythmias, ventricular dysrhythmias.

65
Q

Why use amiodarone?

A

recurrent V-fib, V-tach and A-Fib (not FDa approved)

66
Q

Why use Diltz or Varapamil?

A

severe ventricular and atrial dysrhythmias

67
Q

What are the pro-dysrhythmic drugs?

A

Quinidine, Flecainide,

68
Q

What phase do sodium channel blockers act in the fast potentials?

A

Phase 0

69
Q

What phase of fast potentials has no effect from antidysrhythmic drugs?

A

Phase 1

70
Q

What pahse of the fast potentials do class 2 and 3 antidysrythmics act on?

A

Phase 2

71
Q

What phase of fast potientals do class IV drugs work on?

A

Phase 3

72
Q

Wher do fast potentials take place in heart?

A

Budle of HIS and Perkenjie fibers of ventricles

73
Q

Where do slow potentials act on heart?

A

SA and AV node

74
Q

What causes Phase 0 in slow potentials?

A

slow influx of C+

75
Q

What decreases automaticity in the sA node?

A

BB/C+c blockers

76
Q

AE of Quinidine?

A

Diarrhea, Cardiotoxicity, atrial embolism Hypotension, Cinchoism (Q-DHACC)

77
Q

AE of Lidocaine?

A

Seizures, cardiac arrest, CNS toxicity, (L-SCC)

78
Q

AE of Flecainide?

A

Cardia Arrest, HF (F-CAHF)

79
Q

AE of Propranolol?

A

Bronchospasm, bradycardia, hypotension (P-BBH)

80
Q

AE of Amiodarone?

A

HF, Pneumonia, photosensitivity, blue/gray skin

81
Q

AE of Diltz and Verap

A

HF, Hypotension, Edema (DV-HHE)

82
Q

What can amiodarone cause toxicity to?

A

Thyroid toxicity, Cardio, lungs, liver, CNS, GI

83
Q

What is indication for adenosine?

A

P-SVT

84
Q

Dosing of Adenocard?

A

6mg then try 12mg

85
Q

MOA of Adenocard?

A

Slows conduction through the AV node and drops automaticity in SA node

86
Q

What do you see on ECG with Adenocard?

A

prolong PR interval

87
Q

Where do you want to inject Adenocard?

A

close to heart on left side

88
Q

Push Adenocard then what?

A

NS

89
Q

What to have patient on when giving adenocard?

A

Zoll and ECG

90
Q

AE of Adenocard?

A

hypoteniosn, brad, chest pain

91
Q

Normal for heart to stop 1-5 seconds with adenocard?

A

yes

92
Q

Where does adenocard block re entry pathways?

A

AV node

93
Q

Indication for Digoxin?

A

Supra-ventricular dysthythmias

94
Q

Effect on an ECG of Digixon?

A

prolonged PR interval short QT interval ST depression

95
Q

Before giving Digixon must do what?

A

Check apical pulse

96
Q

What is theraputic range of Digoxin?

A

0.5-0.8 nanograms

97
Q

S/S of digxion toxicity?

A

N/V/D, changes in vision, hypokalemia can contribute too.

98
Q

How to treat Dig toxicity?

A

Stop infusion, Give IV fluids

99
Q

What is antidote for digixion?

A

Digibind Immune Fab

100
Q

What labs post dig toxicity?

A

Dig lvl and K+

101
Q

Hold dig if levels are between what?

A

> 1.8 call doctor if >2

102
Q

MOA of ACE-I?

A

stops angiotensin II allowing blood vessels to dilate reducing blood volume.

103
Q

AE of ACE-I?

A

Angioedema, Cough, hypotenison on first dose, renal failure hyerkalemia

104
Q

Advantage of ACE-I in HTN?

A

no cardiac reflex interferance, no electrolyte changes, no sleepiness or sexual dysfunction, less cardio risk

105
Q

Advantage of ACE in HF?

A

reduces afterload, increase cardiac output, renal blood flow, stops cardiac structure changes in heart

106
Q

Advantage of ACE-I in MI patients?

A

reduces mortality, less chance of HF

107
Q

What ACEs are approved post MI?

A

Captopril, Trandolapril, and lisinopril

108
Q

MOA of ARBS?

A

blocks actions of angiotensin II to receptors on blood vessels.

109
Q

What is alower risk SE when using ARBS?

A

lower risk of cough

110
Q

AE of ARBS?

A

Angioedema, well tolorated

111
Q

Where does Verapamil work?

A

Arteroiles and blocks SA node

112
Q

Where does Nifedipine work?

A

Vascular smooth muscle promoting vasodilation

113
Q

How to prevent reflux tachycardia with CCB’s?

A

use Beta Blockers

114
Q

What is a unique AE of Minoxidil?

A

Hypertrichosis (hair growth)

115
Q

What is unique AE of Nitropress?

A

Thiocyanate toxicity causes CNS effects)

116
Q

Does hydralazine decrease pre or after load?

A

afterload because it dialates arterioles

117
Q

Does nitro dilate veines or arterioles?

A

Veins

118
Q

Prazosin dialates what?

A

Veins and arterioles.

119
Q

Drugs that dilate veins decrease what?

A

Preload

120
Q

Drugs that dilate arterioles decrease what?

A

afterload

121
Q

AE of Vasodilators?

A

Postural hypotenison, Reflex Tachy, more blood volume

122
Q

What do you use for someone on a vasodilator that has expanded blood volume?

A

Diuretics

123
Q

Whar drug to use on somone that has Tachy from Vasodilators?

A

Beta Blockers

124
Q

What can vasodilators be used for?

A

HTN crisis.

Pharm 2 (6 decks)

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