Neuro Anatomy 2 Flashcards
What are the two ascending tracts that we know
1) the spinothalamic tract
2) the posterior column medial lemniscus system
What 3 sections can the brain stem be divided into?
1) midbrain
2) Pons
3) medulla
Interpeduncular fossa
cerebral peduncels
Pons
cerebellar peduncles
Pyramids
Olives
Anterior median fissure
What is the corticospinal tract responsible for?
Voluntary motor activity
Where to the corticospinal tract cross
In the caudal medulla in the pyramidal decussations
Which pathway is the inferior colliculi important for?
Importnat for the auditory pathway
What is the superior colliculi important for?
Visual reflexes
In the caudal medulla the _________ _______ and the _____ _____ are sparated by a posterior median sulcus and overlie the ascending _____ ____ ____.
These carry _____ ____ about proprioception fine or discriminative touch and vibration
In the caudal medulla, the fasciculus gracilis and the fasciculus cuneatus are separated by a posterior median sulcus and overlie the ascending posterior column tracts
These carry Sensory information about proprioception fine or discriminative touch and vibration
Olfactory nerve (CN I)
Optic Nerve (CN II)
Oculomotor Nerve (CN III)
Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
Trigeminval nerve (CN V)
abducens nerve (CN VI)
facial nerve (VII)
Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
Vagus nerve (CN X)
Accessory nerve (CN XI)
hypoglassal nerve (CN XII)
the somatic nervous system innervates structures derived from Somites and is ultimately controlled by cortical areas
the visceral nervous system is controlled by the ___________
the visceral nervous system is controlled by the hypothalamus
The visceral sensory info can be divided into two main parts (2)
1) Info on physiological function
2) Pain info
Which fibres can be found in a single spinal nerve?
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The bladder has various types of peripheral nerve fibres – where do they come from?
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Which modality will innervate the detrusor muscle?
During urination detrusor muscle is contracted via parasympathetic branches from the pelvic splanchnic nerves
What is the innervation of the External urinary sphincter
external urethral sphincter, which is composed of striated muscle, receives a somatic innervation via the pudendal nerve
Which fibres carry the sensory information of bladder fullness?
Sensations of bladder fullness are conveyed to the spinal cord by the pelvic and hypogastric nerves
Which fibre will carry the sensory information of bladder pain?
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The ________ _______ comprises all fibres carrying ______ and _____ from the spinal cord to the ______ and ________.
The anterolateral system comprises all fibres carrying Pain and temperature from the spinal cord to the thalamus and brainstem.
The _______ ______ is an ________ sensory tract and transmits information about ______-________ ______,_____ and _______
The Spinothalamic tract is an ascending sensory tract and transmits information about Non-discriminative touch pain and temperature
Pain and temperature info in the spinothalamic tract enter the _____ _____ of the spinal cord
Pain and temperature info in the spinothalamic tract enter the Posterior horn of the spinal cord
In the spinothalamic tract, Fibres cross the midline in the spinal cord and ascend to the c_______ ________
In the spinothalamic tract, Fibres cross the midline in the spinal cord and ascend to the contralateral thalamus
Which pathway does discriminative touch vibration and proprioception travel?
In the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway
Where does information about discriminative touch, vibration, pressure cross the midline?
At the Medulla
Where does the info about pain and temperature cross the midline?
in the spinal cord
What is the anterior corticospinal tract function?
Somatic-gross and postural movement of the trunk and proximal musculature
What is the function of the lateral corticospinal tract?
The primary responsibility of the lateral corticospinal tract is to control the voluntary movement of contralateral limbs.
What is another name for the corticospinal tract?
the pyramidal system
because the tract travels through the pyramids
Name for the systems controling the upper motor neuron? (2)
1) cerebellum
2) Basal ganglia
Why is CNI special
its on the brain itself and does not exit the cranial cavity
CN I
Olfactory
CN II
Optic
CN III
Oculomotor
CN IV
Trochlear
CN V
Trigeminal
CN VI
Abducens
CN VII
Facial
CN VIII
Vestibulocochlear
CN IX
Glossopharyngeal
CN X
Vagus
CN XI
Accessory
CN XII
Hypoglossal
CN I function
Smell
Function CNII
Vision, pupillary light reflexes
Function CN III
Parasympathetic to pupil, motor to most extraocular muscles (medial / superior / inferior rectus, inferior oblique)
Function CN IV
Motor to superior oblique muscle
Function CN V
Sensory to face, motor to muscles of mastication
Function CN VI
Motor to lateral rectus muscle
Function CN VII
Motor to muscles of facial expression, parasympathetic to lacrimal gland
Function CN VIII
Balance, hearing
Function CN IX
Sensory & motor to pharynx
Function CN X
Parasympathetic to viscera, sensory & motor to pharynx
Function CN XI
Motor to trapezius & sternocleidomastoid muscles
Function CN XII
Motor to tongue muscles
What kind of neurons do we have in Ascending tracts?
1st order
2nd order
3rd order
4th order neurons
What kind of neurons are in the descending tracts
upper motor neurons and lower motor neurons
Where are the upper motor neurons found
cerebral cortex and the deep nuclei of the brainstem
Where are lower motor neurons found
anterior horns of spinal cord
What is the descending tracts we know?
lateral corticospinal tract
and the anterior corticospinal tract
Decussation
When the tract crosses the midline
Where does the lateral corticospinal tract decussate
at the pyramids
where does the anterior corticospinal tract decussate
Will cross in the spinal cord at the desired spinal level where it will synapse with lower motor neurons
Group of cell bodies (neurons) in the CNS
Nucleus
group of cell bodies outside CNS
ganglion
