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neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Gcs p score min is 1

A

Pea in pod appearance on Mri

NCC

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2
Q

Symmetric motor weakness
SMA (symm proxml)
hered motor neuropathy (sym distal)
GBS ( symm prox and distal )

PMA is asymmetric

A

Gbs proprioceptive loss is severe , other sens loss mild

Post hypotension Mc autonomic abn

Ivig s/e— aseptic meningitis , renal failure , stroke

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3
Q 
FSHD
myotonic dystrophy
Udd GRIGG
Refsum
Type 1 lepra reaction 
Peroneal neuropathy

Foot drop

A

Ped cavus

CMT
FRIEDRICH
Nemaline myopathy
Core myopathy 
Plantar fasciitis
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4
Q

Bickerstff

Cns long sensory tract
Cst signs

And csf pleocytosis unlike mfs

A

Mills syndrome

Primary lateral sclerosis (UMN )

Hemiparesis ( UMN)

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5
Q

Ptosis

LEMS

GBs

Mfs (3,4 ,6, bulbar )

A

Ptosis without opthalmoplegia

Myotonic dystrophy

Congenital myopathies ( ptosis , ped cavus)

Nmj disorders

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6
Q

Vacoular myelopathy

MC Cns manifestation in untreated hiv

Only cst and post column involved in spine

B12 levels normal

A

Sensory spared
Arms are spared

Sphincter dysfuctnion
Gait involvement present

Vacoular changes in myelin

Asso with hiv encephlopthy and dspn

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7
Q

OCB

Present in MS

Borreliosis

Viral meningitis

A

Orthograde axonoplasmic transmission

Microtubules
Actin
Kinesins

Retrograde is dynein

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8
Q

Probabalistic. Learning

Basal ganglia

A

POTS

On standing HR > 30

With normal bp but syncope

Standing and supine epinephrine are measured

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9
Q

NCC

Albendazole more effective than praziquantel

A

.

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10
Q

Cortical thinning of long bones in NF1

seen in Tibia

A

Primary erythromelalgia

SCN 3A channellopathy

Potassium chanellopathy
EA1, Anderson tawil

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11
Q

Mc cranial nerve involved in diabetes is 3 with abrupt intense
retro orbital pain
And pupil sparing

Sjogren 5 , scleroderma 5
plexiform neurofibroma nf1 5

Sarcoid 7

A

Hypothyroid

Mc is proximal myopathy

Neuropathy CTS

CTS also cmn in diabetes and amyloidodis uremia

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12
Q

Leprosy

Mononeuritis multiplex of cooler regions and face ( trigeminal )involvement

Lymes
Predominant motor inv and b/l facial

A

Hiv neuropathy

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13
Q

Phalen sign
Flexing wrist 60 degrees

Tinel tapping wrist

Ppts CTS

A

Froments test

Ulnar palsy

Froments sign

Parkinson ( exaggerates contralateral rigidity with activity)

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14
Q

Ulnar superficial making vulnerable to injury
FD profundus and FD ulnaris in forearm to hypothenars
Dorsal and palmar hand and fingr 11/2

Superficial to flex retinacilum Divides
Suprf branch : sensory
Deep branch : muscle

A

Muscles of hand supplied by ulnar nerve

Flexor digiti minimi
abductor digiti minimi
Opponens digiti minimi
All Interossei , lumb (4,5 ) - flex. Mcp has

Adductor pollicis

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15
Q

Froments

Ask to pinch papers and pull

Requires intact addctor pollicis
And all interossei -adductoion

A

Both lost with ulnar palsy

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16
Q

Ulnar nerve
Motor supply hypothenar
2Interossei 2 lumbricals
Adductor pollicis

Froments sign
While pinch grip of thumb and index
Due to weak add pollicis
Hyperflexion of thumb (unopposed flexor policis due to median nerve activity )

A

Ulnar Claw
HyperExten of MCP IP jt
Flexion of IP jt

Less clawing with higher lesion 
Ulnar paradox (FDP also affected)

Claw due to lumb and interosee loss - loss of flexion at mcp- hyperext
And flexion of finger- unopp FDP

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17
Q

Vit e def

Scid
SCA
opthal: opthalmoplegia , RP, night blindness

A

Cu def

Scid
Microcytic hypochromic anemia
Neutropenia occ pancytopenia

Hemat complete improvemnt
Neuro variable ,, with treatment

In b12 def in 50 % permanent def even with treatment

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18
Q

Strachan syndrome

Painful sensory neuropathy
Deafness
Ambylopia
Orogenital dermatitis

A

Shwartz jampel syndrome

Chondrodystrophic myotonia

Facial dysmorphisms

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19
Q

Doc for schistosomiasis and ncc

Praziquantel

A

Oncogene amplification seen in neuroblastom

MYC N

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20
Q

Painful opthalmoplegia

Opthalmople migraine
Giant cell arteritis

diabetic 3 rd nerve palsy
tolasa hunt

Pcomm aneurysm

A

.

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21
Q

Procedural memory affected in

Huntingtons

Parkinson

Olivopontocerebellar degeneration

A

Mc aphasia in head trauma

Anomic aphasia

Also common in AD , met encephalopathy

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22
Q

Celiac disease
Ataxia and

pure motor neuropathy

A

necrotising vasculitis in nerve biopsy

Not seen in sjogren ( seen in other vasculitis)

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23
Q

Botulism most severe is serotype a

A

Meningococcal meningitis
Epidemic causing serotype

Serotype a

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24
Q

Diabetic opthalmoplegia

pupil sparing , unilateral usually first , MR ,SR 1 st inv

A

Kearns , opmd myopathies : no diplopia
Ext opthalmo so no ptosis also

Myasthenia pupil not involved

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25
Q

Cranial nerves involved

Lymes 7
Sarcoid b/l. 7
Diabetes 7

sjogren scleroderma leprosy 5
Lepsrosy 5,7

A

.

26
Q

Glycerol kinase def can cause DMD along with adrenal hypoplasia congenita
Complex GKD
XR

A

Dmd

1 in 3000

> 2000 kB

427kDa

Deletion Mc at beginning (5 end)/ midl

27
Q 
Calpains implicated 
LGMD 1L 
2A
MS 
DM

No dmd feautures ,
Scap winging +

A

Caveolin

Dmd feautures +
1c , ripplingmuscle dis

Others similar to dmd : LGMD 2C-I
pompe , GKD

2Q - Cong myasthenia

28
Q

EBV

lymes

Q fever associated with chronic fatigue syndrome

A

.il1 responsible For

Asthenia symptoms

29
Q

AZT
zido
Statins

Mito myopat hi s

A

Chr alcoholics after a bout of alcohol

Painful myopathy with myoglobinurua

Hyperacute necr fasciitis
Treatment is ivig

30
Q

Bruns nystagmus

Cp angle tumor

A

Bruns syndrome

4 Th ventricle tumor - intermittent hydrocephalus

Sudden loc on turning head

31
Q

Mc presenting complaint in fungal meningitis

Headache

A

Mc presenting c/o of fungal meningitis in hiv patient

Fever

32
Q

Sp cord ends at L’1

Sa space ends at s2

Filum terminale ends at s4

A

Post measles encephalitis due to autoimmune response not the virus

2 -3 weeks of onset of rash

Sspe due to reactivation of latent persistent virus

33
Q

Circle of Willis is as mentioned in 40 percent of population

A

Labyrinthine artery occ from basilar artery but

Most frequently from AICA

34
Q

Child stands up alone and holds a cup by 16 months

Second most common cause of dementia LBD

A

Heidenhein variant of prion

Is associated with vision disturbances

35
Q

cvs centre’s are integrated in Nts of medulla

Nts is in medial medulla

Receives para sym from medial medulla

A

Symp from lateral medulla

36
Q

Hematogenous Brain abcess

Multiple , noncapsulated,
grey wh m junction

A

Brain mets develop at watershed areas of brain

37
Q

Critical illness myopathy Mc than neuropathy

Markers of BBB dusfuctnio

S100 b

A

Causes of pres
Hyperperf states

Mtx cyclosp tacro

Hus

Help

Cocaine

38
Q

Free nerve endings
Pain and temp

Pacinian corpuscles
pressure vibration

Merkel
Light touch
Slowly adapting

A

Meissner
Most senstv to vibration
Rapidly adaptive

Ruffini
Stretch and mechano
No adaptation

39
Q

Hypothal

Lateral nucleu — apetite feeding center
Lesion : red intake

Venteromed nucleus satiety centre

A

Ant nuc lesion Hyperthermia

Post nucle lesion hypothermia

Arcuate nuc: GRH GnRH dopa

Paravent: CRH TRH somatostatin
Supra optic adh

40
Q

Anticholinergics worsen RBD

A

Doc rbd clonazrpam

41
Q

Phenytoin cbz worsen absence epilepsy

A

.

42
Q

Tumor imaging

Meningioma homog enh extra parenchymal

Gbs- central necr rim enh , mass effct
Crosses corpus callsoum

A

Mets multiple ring enh
Mass effect watershed areas

Cns lymphoma large abuts ventricles
Homogenous enh , dwi reste present

Ependymoma 3/4v - heterogenous enh

43
Q

Executive function

Problem solving planning
Organisation
Selctv attention inhibition

Wisconsin card sorting test :match cards

Trail making test

A

Visio spatial

Crock drawing test
Rey ostereith complex

Memory
Weschler memory scale

IQ
Weschler iq

44
Q

OCB seen

MS

SSPE , rubella ,

HIV HTLV

A

NEUROSYPHILIS

LYMES

VZV , mumps

Not seen with arbo and entero viruses

45
Q

Diabetic amyotrophiy

Radiculoplexopathy

Dd : hna: upperlimb

A

Dd vasculitis : workup neg

46
Q

Fusion of neural tube begins at

5 Th somite

A

Division between brain and spinal cord

4 Th somite

47
Q

Bilateral temporal lobe lesion

Decreased hearing tone discrimination

Unilateral - only sound localisation i/l affected

A

B/l occipital lobe lesion

Visual hallucinations

48
Q

Antenatal usg
Banana sign of cbllm

Due to pushing of brain stem onto cbllm down

In hydrocephalus asso with ACM2
Or spina bifida

A

Lemon sign indentation of frontal bone due to hydrocephalus

Seen in acm2 or spina bifida

As they are asso with hydrocephalus

49
Q

Shapiro is hypothermia and sweating

Not hyperthermia

A

Cmt3 hypomylenating

Edema best on t2 not on flair

50
Q

Ok sign becomes triangle instead

A

In ant introsseus nerve palsy of median

51
Q

Ncc diagnosis

A

Serum most sensitive and specific than Csf for past and present Ncc

52
Q

NCC surgical excision is mandatory for a

A

Solitary cyst in cerebral aqueduct

Fungal Cns inf asso with vasculitis
Aspergillosis

53
Q

Paralytic rabies asso with facial weakness

Dissociation oh emotional and vol facial mvts Aso with umn 7

A

Mc aura in cps - abd aura

Gauchers
Eliglustat tartarate- substrate redctn
Cns manif don’t respond to rx

Vertical eye mvts under the control of nucleus of cajal

54
Q

Prrt 2 gene kinesinogenic dyskinesia

A

Pnkd nonkinesogenic dyskinesias

55
Q

Safinamide

REVERSIBLE
More Selective MAO B> Mao A
unlike others ..selegiline
Less selective and irreversible

A

Side effect

Liver toxicity

56
Q

Dyke davidson syndrome

Due to secondary brain insults seen in children

Hemiatrophy ( with asso vent sulcal enlargements )

Bony thickening of skull on that side

Refractory epilepsy , pleds on eeg
C/l hemiparesis

A

Differential imaging

Rasmussen enc: no calvarial thickening

sturge Weber : port wine stain in v1 + usually

57
Q

BBB dysfunction

A

DCE Mri

Dynamic contrast enhanced Mri

58
Q

Frascati criteria

Hiv dementia

A

Mcc of 1 st seizure in hiv pts

Hiv encephalopathy

59
Q

Cauda vs conus

cauda late
Conus early

Bladder inv

A

Cauda. Conus

No impotence
No fecal incon

Both are flaccid bladder
Spastic motor inv in conus vs cauda

60
Q

Cortical thinning long bones in NF1

A

Tibia

61
Q

Crude touch by ant sp thalamic tract

Fine touch by post column

A

.two pt discrimination carried by

Post column

62
Q

Williams and angel man have happy personality

A

Williams intact Lang skills

Cocktail party persona

Angel man : Lang delay also

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