Neuro

Question 1

Name 3 bones in the middle ear and the membranes they are attached to.

Answer 1

Malleus - tympanic membrane
Incus
Stapes - oval window

Question 2

How does the ear increase acuity of sound?

Answer 2

Fibres at the base of the basilar membrane are tighter, and vibrate upon high freq sound. Fibres at apex are floppier and vibrate upon low frequency sound. Ear can differentiate between different frequencies by which part of the basilar membrane is vibrating

Question 3

Causes of conductive hearing loss

Answer 3

Otitis media
Otosclerosis of ossicles
Wax
Perforated tympanic membrane

Question 4

Boundaries of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Answer 4

Nasopharynx: above the soft palate and uvula from base of cranium
Oropharynx: Between soft palate and epiglottis
Laryngopharynx: Between laryngeal inlet and start of oesophagus/inferior cricoid cartilage