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Nursing 265 > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

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1
Q

CN I

A

Olfactory; smell

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2
Q

CN II

A

Optic; sight

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3
Q

CN III

A

Occulomotor; eye movement

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4
Q

CN IV

A

Trochlear; eye movement

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5
Q

CN V

A

Trigeminal; facial sensation; chewing

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6
Q

CN VI

A

Abducens; eye movement

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7
Q

CN VII

A

Facial; facial movement

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8
Q

CN VIII

A

Auditory/Acoustic; hearing and balance

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9
Q

CN IX

A

Glossopharyngeal; swallowing

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10
Q

CN X

A

Vagus; swallowing and heart rate

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11
Q

CN XI

A

Spinal Accessory; shrugging shoulders

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12
Q

CN XII

A

Hypoglossal; tongue movement

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13
Q

TIA is also known as a

A

mini stroke, warning stroke

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14
Q

A BRIEF interruption in cerebral flow due to a clot…

A

TIA

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15
Q

2 types of stroke

A

Ischemic and hemorrhagic

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16
Q

Thrombotic strokes…

A

gradual blockage of an artery, onset is slower

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17
Q

Embolic strokes…

A

more sudden and severe onset

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18
Q

Intracerebral hemorrhage causes

A

severe HTN; cocaine abuse

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19
Q

Subarachnoid hemorrhage…

A

most common; caused from ruptured aneurysm or AVM

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20
Q

S/S of an aneurysm

A

“exploding” headache, N/V, decreased LOC, seizures

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21
Q

Romberg test

A

Stand up with feet together and arms at sides, no swaying should happen

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22
Q

Babinksi test

A

Should not result in the splaying of toes, toes should curl

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23
Q

Glasgow coma scale is testing for

A

Level of consciousness

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24
Q

Highest score in GCS

A

15

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25
Q

Lowest score in GCS

A

3

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26
Q

3 categories of GCS

A

Eye opening, best verbal response, best motor response

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27
Q

Scores for each category of GCS

A

Eye opening-4
Best verbal response-5
Best motor response-6

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28
Q

Left cerebral hemisphere of the brain…

A

“artsy” word formation/reception; writing; math

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29
Q

Right cerebral hemisphere of the brain…

A

“spatial awareness” proprioception; vision

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30
Q

Broca’s area is located where and does what

A

frontal lobe; formation of words (expressive aphasia)

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31
Q

Werniche’s area is located where and does what

A

temporal lobe; processing of words (receptive aphasia)

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32
Q

Agnosia

A

unable to recognize familiar objects

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33
Q

Agraphia

A

difficulty with writing

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34
Q

Acalculia

A

difficulty with mathematic calculations

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35
Q

Apraxia

A

inability to perform previously learned action

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36
Q

Ataxia

A

gait disturbance; inability to walk properly

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37
Q

Stroke in the cerebellum…

A

inability to walk; problems with coordination/balance

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38
Q

Stroke in the brainstem…

A

problems with the vital signs; breathing, heartrate, temperature, vertigo, hearing

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39
Q

No contrast with CT because…

A

the dye can irritate the brain tissue if the stroke is hemorrhagic.

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40
Q

TPA can only be used if the stroke is NOT

A

hemorrhagic

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41
Q

TPA has to be used within _____ of patient’s Last Known Well.

A

4.5 hours

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42
Q

TPA contraindications…

A

over 80, INR over 1.7, 3 mo. history of stroke/head injury/trauma, over 1/3 brain affected

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43
Q

With any procedure, the major concern is…

A

post op bleeding

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44
Q

hemorrhagic stroke S/S…

A

severe headache, nausea, vomiting, changes in LOC, seizures

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45
Q

Vasospams can occur…

A

within 7-10 days of initial hemorrhage

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46
Q

only FDA approved calcium channel blocker used for vasospasms/aneursym

A

nimodipine

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47
Q

Hydrocephalus sign…

A

downward deviated eyes

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48
Q

Medication used for increased ICP

A

mannitol

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49
Q

antidote for warfarin

A

FFP and vitamin K

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50
Q

medication for seizures

A

phenytoin

51
Q

With a traumatic brain injury, the damage is most likely to occure in the…

A

frontal and temporal lobes

52
Q

Increased cranial pressure S/S:

A

change in LOC; HTN; bradycardia; bradypnea (cushings triad)

53
Q

S/S of typical shock…

A

hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea

54
Q

The greatest priority with any brain injury/stroke/trauma…

A

maintaining patient’s airway (ABCs)

55
Q

if the cerebral perfusion pressure is under 50, the patient is….

A

retaining too much CO2

56
Q

If the cerebral perfusion pressure is too high, the patient’s blood vessels…

A

vasoconstricts

57
Q

3 cardinal signs of brain death..

A

coma, apnea, absent brainstem reflexes

58
Q

Number of cervical, thoracic and lumbar vert…

A

8, 12, 5

59
Q

Damage at c4 and above is at greatest risk for…

A

respiratory problems.

60
Q

Halo care/precautions

A

No driving, no pulling patient up by halo, daily pin care

61
Q

Neurogenic shock S/S:

A

decreased C.O.; bradycardia; hypotension (life threatening)

62
Q

Neurogenic shock can occur

A

within 24 hours of SCI and last for several days-weeks

63
Q

Spinal shock occurs

A

immediately following injury

64
Q

Spinal shock S/S…

A

bradycardia, hypotension, bladder paralysis/distention

65
Q

Autonomic Dysreflexia can occur..

A

anytime after injury, even years later

66
Q

Autonomic Dysreflexia causes

A

restrictive clothing, stool impaction, full bladder, pressure areas

67
Q

S/S of AD above the level of injury…

A

“hot”–HTN, flushed faced, headache, sweating, bradycardia

68
Q

S/S of AD below the level of injury…

A

“cold”– pale, cool, no sweating

69
Q

AD is triggered by sustained stimuli below the level of

A

T6

70
Q

Increased Intracranial Pressure can cause..

A

decreased cerebral blood flow; cerebral edema

71
Q

Supratentorial surgery patients must be kept…

A

HOB up 30 degrees; head midline and neutral; no extreme neck/hip flexion

72
Q

Infratentorial surgery patients must be kept…

A

flat and positioned on side for 24-48 post op; NPO for 24 hrs while awake

73
Q

Absence seizure..

A

brief, sudden lapse in attention. Most common in children

74
Q

Tonic-Clonic seizure…

A

moments of rigidity, followed by jerking. Grand Mal seizure

75
Q

Tonic seizure…

A

stiffening of muscles

76
Q

Clonic seizure…

A

jerking of muscles

77
Q

Myoclonic seizure…

A

very short lasting clonic seizure…

78
Q

Atonic seizure..

A

“drop” seizure.

79
Q

instructions for phenytoin

A

take them on time; avoid oral contraceptives; cannot take with coumadin; no grapefruit; can build up sensitivity to it

80
Q

Tension headache…

A

“stress” HA; most common type; bandlike headahce; dull pressure

81
Q

MIgraines…

A

sensitivity to stress and sounds; triggered by specific things

82
Q

Diet modifications for headaches and migraines

A

No red wine; no caffeine; no alcohol; no cold foods; no artificial sweeteners; no tyramine

83
Q

Mild medications for headaches…

A

acetaminophen; NSAIDS

84
Q

Triptan is used for…

A

severe migraine headaches

85
Q

Triptans have the effect of…

A

vasoconstriction

86
Q

Most common antiepileptic…

A

Topomax

87
Q

Cluster headaches…

A

usually occur at the same time each day; throbbing; excruciating; unilateral

88
Q

When bacterial meningitis is suspected, the number 1 treatement is…

A

antibiotics

89
Q

CSF obtained from a lumbar puncture when patient is suspected of meningitis…

A

cloudy—bacterial; clear–viral

90
Q

Kernig’s sign…

A

when hips flexed, cannot extend knee

91
Q

Brudzinksi sign…

A

supine position; when neck if flexed, lower extremities flex

92
Q

Treatment for brain abscesses…

A

antibiotics

93
Q

Brain abscesses have similar S/S to stroke True or False

A

True

94
Q

Multiple Sclerosis…

A

caused by factors that affect the myelin and nerve fibers of the brain and spinal cord.

95
Q

Lumbar puncture is to be avoided if suspected IICP because…

A

the sudden release of pressure may cause brain herniation.

96
Q

Those with MS need…

A

risked for falls; adequate rest, avoid stress/crowds

97
Q

MS medications…

A

immunosuppresive agents; corticosteroids; antispasmodics

98
Q

Immunosuppressive agents..

A

cyclosporine; Cytoxan

99
Q

Corticosteroids…

A

prednisone; Solu-medrol

100
Q

Antispasmodics..

A

Dantrolene; baclofen; diazepam

101
Q

Myasthenia Gravis (MG) attacks the

A

acetylcholine receptors

102
Q

Test for MG

A

tensilon test

103
Q

MG causes the patient to feel

A

extreme fatigue, gets worse throughout the day

104
Q

Tensilon crisis causes

A

a severe bradycardia

105
Q

Tensilon crisis medication

A

atropine

106
Q

Cholinergic crisis..

A

too much acetylcholine drugs; inability to clear secretions, swallow or breathe

107
Q

Myasthenic crisis…

A

not enough anticholinesterease drugs; maintain respiratory function

108
Q

Guillain-Barre Syndrome causes

A

ascending paralysis, usually temporary

109
Q

Guillain-Barre Syndrome does NOT have a

A

neurotransmitter disorder

110
Q

Guillain-Barre Syndrome is usually triggered by..

A

prior GI or respiratory infection

111
Q

Treatments for GBS..

A

Plasmapheresis; IVIG; cerebrospinal fluid filtration

112
Q

Trigeminal Neuralgia affects CN

A

V…Trigeminal

113
Q

Bell’s Palsy affects CN

A

7…Facial

114
Q

Bell’s Palsy treatment..

A

corticosteroids; antivirals

115
Q

Peripheral Nerve Trauma priority assessment…

A

neurovascular checks

116
Q

Parkinson’s is caused by a decreased level of..

A

dopamine

117
Q

Parkinson’s S/S:

A

tremors; ataxia; rigidity

118
Q

Parkinson’s medications..

A

dopamine agonists; levodopa/carbidopa

119
Q

Dopamine agonists…

A

Bromocriptine; pergolide; ropinirole

120
Q

Dopamine agonists may cause..

A

orthostatic hypotension; sleepiness; hallucinations

121
Q

Patients with dementia Do’s and Dont’s

A

Do talk calmy; dont raise your voice

122
Q

Cholintesterase inhibitors help to

A

“keep the pathways clear” for dementia patients

123
Q

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)…

A

muscle wasting, no sensory involvement

124
Q

Greatest concern with ALS

A

Respiratory function

Nursing 265 (4 decks)

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