Neuro Flashcards
Parkinson’s Disease
depletion of melanin-containing dopaminergic neuron in substantia nigra. clinical signs: bradykinesia, stopped posture, shuffling gait, coghweel regidity, pill-rolling tremor. Lewy bodies and progressive supranuclear palsy associated. treat with L-dopa or surgery. condition can be induced with methylphenyltetrahydropyridine (MPTP)
Huntington’s disease
degeneration of cholinergic and GABAergic nerons of the striatum. atrophy in frontal and temporal lobes. GLU excitotoxicity. choreiform movements, hypotonia, progressive dementia.
Alzheimer’s disease
degeneration of cholinergic neurons in basal nucleus of Meynert. get neurofibrillary tangles, senile plaques, amyloid substance, granulovacuolar degeneration and HIrano bodies.
Acetylcholine
major NT of PNS. NT for pregnaglionic fibers, postganglionic for parasymp and sweat and some blood vessels for symp.
Dopamine
in arcuate (infandibular) nucleus of the hypothalamus. D1: excitatory, D2: inhibitory.
Norepinephrine
NT of most symp postgnaglionic neurons. too much NE thought to cause mania, too little depression.
Serotonin
in raphe nuclei, when reduced, dec levels of NE and can cause depression. when elevated, will elevate NE and cause mania.
Endorphins
extremely potent opioid peptide, only found in hypothalamus.
Enkephalins
more widely distributed opiate peptides, play role in pain suppression
Somatostatin
regulates release of GH and TSH. in ant hypothalamus.
GABA
major inhibitor NT of the brain
Glycine
major inhibitory NT of the spinal cord
Glutamate
major excitatory N of the brain.
Nissl substance
polysomes and rough ER, role in protein synthesis. located in nerve cell body and dendrites, not axons.
kinesin/dynein
kinesin facilitates fast anterograde axonal transport while dynein facilitates fast retrograde trasnport
Chromatolysis
result of retrograde degeneration of neurons. loss of Nissl substance
Do nerve cells regenerate?
No in CNS, yes in PNS
