First Aid Neuro Pharm Flashcards
epinephrine
glaucoma. alpha agonist. dec aqueous humor synthesis due to vasoconstriction. SE: mydriasis, stinging. don’t use for closed angle.
brimonidine
glaucoma. alpha agonist. dec aqeuous humor synthesis. SE: none for eye
timolol
glaucoma. beta blocker. dec aqueous humor secretion. SE: none for eye
betaxolol
glaucoma. beta blocker. dec aqueous humor secretion. SE: none for eye
carteolol
glaucoma. beta blocker. dec aqueous humor secretion. SE: none for eye
acetazolamide
glaucoma. diuretic. dec aqueous humor secretion due to dec bicarb (inhibits carbonic anhydrase). SE: none for eye
pilocarpine
glaucoma. direct cholinomimetic. inc outflow of aqueous humor. contract ciliary muscle and open trabecular meshwork. pilocarpine best for emergencies. SE: miosis, cyclospasm
carbachol
glaucoma. direct cholinomimetic. inc outflow of aqueous humor. contract ciliary muscle and open trabecular meshwork. SE: miosis, cyclospasm
physostigmine
glaucoma. indirect cholinomimetic. inc outflow of aqueous humor. contract ciliary muscle and open trabecular meshwork. SE: miosis, cyclospasm
echothiophate
glaucoma. indirect cholinomimetic. inc outflow of aqueous humor. contract ciliary muscle and open trabecular meshwork. SE: miosis, cyclospasm
lantanoprost
glaucoma. prostaglandin. inc outflow of aqueous humor. SE: darkens color of iris.
morphine
pain. opioid analgesic. agonist at mu opioid receptor. open K channel close Ca, dec synaptic transmission, inhibit release of NT. SE: resp depression, miosis, CNS depression.
fentanyl
pain. opioid analgesic. agonist at opioid receptor. open K channel close Ca, dec synaptic transmission, inhibit release of NT. SE: resp depression, miosis, CNS depression.
codeine
pain. opioid analgesic. agonist at opioid receptor. open K channel close Ca, dec synaptic transmission, inhibit release of NT. SE: resp depression, miosis, CNS depression.
heroin
pain. opioid analgesic. agonist at opioid receptor. open K channel close Ca, dec synaptic transmission, inhibit release of NT. SE: resp depression, miosis, CNS depression.
methadone
maintenance program for addicts. opioid analgesic. agonist at opioid receptor. open K channel close Ca, dec synaptic transmission, inhibit release of NT. SE: resp depression, miosis, CNS depression.
meperidine
pain. opioid analgesic. agonist at opioid receptor. open K channel close Ca, dec synaptic transmission, inhibit release of NT. SE: resp depression, miosis, CNS depression.
dextromethorphan
cough suppression. opioid analgesic. agonist at opioid receptor. open K channel close Ca, dec synaptic transmission, inhibit release of NT. SE: resp depression, miosis, CNS depression.
diphenoxylate
pain. opioid analgesic. agonist at opioid receptor. open K channel close Ca, dec synaptic transmission, inhibit release of NT. SE: resp depression, miosis, CNS depression.
butorphanol
pain. less resp depression than full agonists. partial opioid agonist. SE: withdrawal if previously on full opioid agonist.
tramadol
chronic pain. weak opioid agonist. PE: similar to opioids, dec seizure threshold.
phenytoin
epilepsy. 1st line tonic-clonic, also good for partial seizures. also 1st line for prophylaxis of status epilepticus. inc Na channel inactivation by prolong refractory period. Fosphenytoin for parenteral use. SE: nystagmus, diplopia, ataxia, sedation, gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, megalobalstic anemia, teratogenesis, SLE-like syndrome, induction p450.
carbamazepine
epilepsy. 1st line for partial and tonic-clonic seizures. inc Na channel inactivation. 1st line for trigeminal neuralgia. SE: diplopia, ataxia, blood dyscrasias, liver toxicity, teratogenesis, SIADH, induction of p450, stevens johnson syndrome.
lamotrigine
epilepsy. for partial and tonic-clonic. blocks voltage gated Na channels. SE: Stevens johnson syndrome.
gabapentin
epilepsy. for partial and tonic-clonic. inhibits HVA Ca channels. also for peripheral neuropathy, bipolar. SE: sedation, ataxia.
topiramate
epilepsy. for partial and tonic-clonic. blocks Na channels, inc GABA action. SE: sedation, mental dulling, kidney stones, weight loss.
phenobarbital
epilepsy. for partial and tonic-clonic. inc GABA action by inc duration of Cl channel to inhibit neuron firing. 1st line in pregnant women, children. SE: sedation, induction p450.
valproic acid
epilepsy. 1st line for tonic clonic, also for partial and absence. inc Na channel inactivation, inc GABA conc. also for myoclonic seizures. SE: GI distress, hepatotoxicity, teratogenesis, tremor, weight gain.
ethsuximide
epilepsy. 1st line for absence. blocks thalamic T-type Ca channels. SE: GI distress, fatigue, headache, urticaria, stevensjohnson syndrome.
benzodiazepines
epilepsy. 1st line for acute status epilepticus. inc GABA action by inc freq of Cl channel opening. also for seizures of eclampsia (although 1st line is MgSO4). SE: sedation.
tiagabine
epilepsy. for partial. inhibits GABA reuptake.
vigabatrin
epilepsy. for partial. irreversibly inhibit GABA transaminase, inc GABA.
levetiracetam
epilepsy. for partial and tonic-clonic. unkown mech, may modulate GABA/glu release.
flumazenil
benzodiazepine OD. competitive antagonist at GABA benzo receptor.
naltrexone
for opioid OD. opioid receptor antagonist.
zolpidem
hypnotics. act via BZ1 receptor. SE: ataxia, headaches, confusion, short duration b/c rapid metabolism, less day fater effects and lower dependence risk.
zaleplon
hypnotics. act via BZ1 receptor. SE: ataxia, headaches, confusion, short duration b/c rapid metabolism, less day fater effects and lower dependence risk.
eszopiclone
hypnotics. act via BZ1 receptor. SE: ataxia, headaches, confusion, short duration b/c rapid metabolism, less day fater effects and lower dependence risk.
halothane
inhaled anesthetic. mech unknown. myocardial depression, resp depression, nausea, inc cerebral blood flow. SE: hepatotoxicity
enflurane
inhaled anesthetic. mech unknown. myocardial depression, resp depression, nausea, inc cerebral blood flow. SE: proconvulsant.
isoflurane
inhaled anesthetic. mech unknown. myocardial depression, resp depression, nausea, inc cerebral blood flow.
sevoflurane
inhaled anesthetic. mech unknown. myocardial depression, resp depression, nausea, inc cerebral blood flow.
methoxyflurane
inhaled anesthetic. mech unknown. myocardial depression, resp depression, nausea, inc cerebral blood flow. SE: nephrotoxicity
nitrous oxide
inhaled anesthetic. mech unknown. myocardial depression, resp depression, nausea, inc cerebral blood flow. SE: expansion of trapped gas.
barbiturates
intravenous anesthetic. high potency. induction and short surgical procedures.
benzodiazepines
intravenous anethesia. midazolam. use with gaseous anesthetics/narcotics. may get severe postop resp depression, low bp, and amnesia.
arylcyclohexylamines (ketamine)
intravenous anethesia. PCP analog, dissociative anesthetics. block NMDA receptors. CV stimulants. SE: disorientatino, hallucination, bad dreams.
propofol
intravenous anethesia. rapid anesthesia induction, short procedures. less postop nausea than thiopental. potentiates GABA.
procaine
local anesthetics. ester. block Na channel by binding to specific receptor on channel. most effective in rapidly firing neurons. given with vasoconstrictor to enhance local action. SE: hypertension, hypotension.
cocaine
local anesthetics. ester. block Na channel by binding to specific receptor on channel. most effective in rapidly firing neurons. has vasoconstrictor properties so don’t need additional ones. SE: hypertension, hypotension, arrhythmias
tetracaine
local anesthetics. ester. block Na channel by binding to specific receptor on channel. most effective in rapidly firing neurons. given with vasoconstrictor to enhance local action. SE: hypertension, hypotension.
lidocaine
local anesthetics. amide. block Na channel by binding to specific receptor on channel. most effective in rapidly firing neurons. given with vasoconstrictor to enhance local action. SE: hypertension, hypotension.
mepivacaine
local anesthetics. amide. block Na channel by binding to specific receptor on channel. most effective in rapidly firing neurons. given with vasoconstrictor to enhance local action. SE: hypertension, hypotension.
bupicavaine
local anesthetics. amide. block Na channel by binding to specific receptor on channel. most effective in rapidly firing neurons. given with vasoconstrictor to enhance local action. SE: hypertension, hypotension, CV toxicity.
succinylcholine
neuromuscular blocking drugs. depolarizing. phase I (prolonged depolarization), phase II (repolarized but blocked)
tubocurarine
neuromuscular blocking drugs. nondepolarizing. compete with ACh for receptors. reverse with cholinesterase inhibitors.
atracurium
neuromuscular blocking drugs. nondepolarizing. compete with ACh for receptors. reverse with cholinesterase inhibitors.
mivacurium
neuromuscular blocking drugs. nondepolarizing. compete with ACh for receptors. reverse with cholinesterase inhibitors.
pancuronium
neuromuscular blocking drugs. nondepolarizing. compete with ACh for receptors. reverse with cholinesterase inhibitors.
vecuronium
neuromuscular blocking drugs. nondepolarizing. compete with ACh for receptors. reverse with cholinesterase inhibitors.
rocuronium
neuromuscular blocking drugs. nondepolarizing. compete with ACh for receptors. reverse with cholinesterase inhibitors.
neostigmine
cholinesterase inhibitors, reverse competitive neuromuscular blocking drugs.
edrophonium
cholinesterase inhibitors, reverse competitive neuromuscular blocking drugs.
dantrolene
treat malignant hyperthermia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome (from antipsychotic drugs). prevents release of Ca from sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle.
bromocriptine
for parkinson’s. agonize dopamine receptors. ergot. nonergots preferred.
pramipexole
for parkinson’s. agonize dopamine receptors. nonergot. nonergot preferred.
ropiniroles
for parkinson’s. agonize dopamine receptors. nonergot. nonergot preferred.
amantadine
for parkinsons. inc dopamine release.
selegiline
for parkinsons. prevent dopamine breakdown. selective MAO type B inhibitor which preferentially metabolizes dopa over NE/5-HT. SE: may enhance adverse effects of L-dopa
entacapone
for parkinsons. prevent dopamine breakdown. COMT inhibitors.
tolcapone
for parkinsons. prevent dopamine breakdown. COMT inhibitors.
benztropine
for parkinsons. curb excess cholinergic activity. antimuscarinic. improves tremor/rigidity but little effect on bradykinesia
L-dopa/carbidopa
for parkinsons. converted to dopamine in CNS. SE: arrhythmias from peripheral conversion, long term use - dyskinesia after admin, akinesia between dose. carbidopa is peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor.
memantine
for alzheimers. NMDA receptor antagonist. helps prevent excitotoxicity. SE: dizziness, confusion, hallucinations.
donepezil
for Alzheirmers. acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. SE: nausea, dizziness, insomnia.
galantamine
for Alzheirmers. acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. SE: nausea, dizziness, insomnia.
rivastigmine
for Alzheirmers. acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. SE: nausea, dizziness, insomnia.
reserpine + tetrabenazine
for huntington. amine depleting.
haloperidol
for huntingtons. dopa receptor antagonist.
sumatriptan
for acute migraine/cluster headaches. 5-HT agonist. causes vasoconstriction inhibit trigeminal activation and vasoactive peptide release. SE: coronary vasospasm
