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Mine > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the DCML tract decussate?

A

Medulla

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2
Q

Which tract carries crude touch and pressure?

A

Anterior spinothalamic

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3
Q

Which tract carries pain and temp?

A

Lateral spinothalamic

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4
Q

Where do the spinothalamic tracts cross?

A

Spinal cord (climb 1/2 levels first)

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5
Q

What are the pyramidal tracts?

A
  • originate in the cerebral cortex

- voluntary control

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6
Q

What are the extrapyramidal tracts?

A
  • originate in the brain stem

- involuntary control

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7
Q

Where does the corticospinal tract receive inputs from?

A
  • primary motor cortex
  • pre motor cortex
  • supplementary motor area
  • somatosensory area(ascending tract)
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8
Q

Which tract carries fine touch, vibration and proprioception?

A

DCML

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9
Q

Where do the corticospinal tracts terminate?

A

Ventral horn

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10
Q

What are the myelin forming cells called in the brain and spinal cord?

A

Oligodendrocytes

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11
Q

What are the myelin forming cells called in the peripheral nervous system?

A

Schwann cells

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12
Q

What is the neurotransmitter for UMN?

A

Glutamate

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13
Q

Where are LMN located?

A
  • Ventral horn and anterior nerve roots

- Cranial nerve nuclei of brainstem

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14
Q

What type of neurones innervate extrafusal muscle fibres?

A

Alpha motor neurones

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15
Q

What type of neurones innervate intrafusal muscle fibres?

A

Gamma neurones

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16
Q

What do LMN use at the neuromuscular junction?

A

ACH

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17
Q

Which lobe is Broca’s area in?

A

frontal

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18
Q

Which lobe is Wernicke’s area in?

A

Temporal

19
Q

What separates the cerebellum from the occipital lobe?

A

Transverse fissure and tentorium cerebelli

20
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A
  • voluntary motor movement
  • balance
  • muscle tone
21
Q

What is the cerebellum lined with above and below?

A

Non nervous tissue called medullary velum

22
Q

How does the cerebellum communicate with the subarachnoid space?

A
  • median aperture

- 2 lateral apertures

23
Q

How many layers does the cortex have? What are they?

A 
3 layers 
1) molecular-synapse with purkinje fibres 
2) purkinje 
3) granule 
(White matter beneath these 3 layers)
24
Q

How many inputs does the cerebellum have?

A

2

  • mossy fibres (middle peduncle)
  • climbing fibres (inferior peduncle)
25
Q

How many outputs does the cerebellum have?

A

1

-purkinje cell axons

26
Q

Name 3 functions of CSF

A

Protection
Buoyancy
Chemical stability

27
Q

Where is CSF produced?

A

Ependymal cells in the Choroid plexus

28
Q

What is the ventricular system derived from?

A

Lumen of the neural tube

29
Q

How are the lateral ventricles connected to the third ventricle?

A

Foremen of Monro

30
Q

How does CSF flow to the 4th ventricle?

A

Cerebral aqueduct

31
Q

How does the 4th ventricle communicate with the subarachnoid space?

A

Foramen of Magende and Foramina of Luschka

32
Q

What are the functions of the blood brain barrier?

A

1) maintain constant intracerebral chemical environment
2) control entry of cells and molecules
3) protect against osmotic change

33
Q

Brown sequard syndrome

A
  • ipsilateral loss of touch and proprioception(same level)
  • ipsilateral pyramidal weakness
  • contra lateral loss of pain and temp (few segments below the lesion)
34
Q

What forms the straight sinus?

A

Inferior Sagittal sinus + great cerebral vein

35
Q

Where does the superior cerebral vein drain into?

A

Superior Sagittal sinus

36
Q

Where does the inferior sagittal sinus receive blood from?

A

Cerebral veins from the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere

37
Q

Where does the transverse lie? And drain into?

A
  • lies in the posterior fixed margin of the tentorium

- drains into sigmoid sinus then internaljugular vein

38
Q

What is pain?

A

An unpleasant and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage

39
Q

Where are nociceptors?

A

The cell body is in the dorsal root ganglion or trigeminal ganglion

40
Q

What are the neurotransmitters of nociceptors?

A

Glutamate and substance p

41
Q

How does substance p work?

A

-binds to neurokinin-1 receptors

42
Q

What is neuropathic pain?

A

Pain arising as a direct consequence of a lesion or a disease of the somato-sensory system

43
Q

Where does the periaqueductal grey receive input from?

A

Cortical and subcortical areas

44
Q

Why is substantia nigra black?

A

Dopaminergic cell bodies are located here

Mine (4 decks)

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