Liver and friends Flashcards
What is albumin production controlled by
1) changes in colloid osmotic pressure
2) osmolality of extravascular liver space
What are the uses of albumin?
1) binding and transport
2) maintenance of colloid osmotic pressure
3) free radicals
3) anticoagulant and antithrombotic effects
How is clotting factor made active?
By serine protease
What is haem oxygenated to (bilirubin metabolism)
Biliverdin
What is biliverdin reduced by? And what does it form?
- biliverdin reductase
- yellow bilirubin
What is bilirubin conjugated with in the hepatocytes?
Glucaronyltransferase
-produces conjugated bilirubin
What does bacteria convert bilirubin into? (In the small intestine)
Urobiliogen
Name the components of bile
1) bile salts
2) lectinin
3) cholesterol
4) bicarbonates
What does cholecystokinin do in the gall bladder?
Causes contraction and sphincter of oddi to open
Name 4 examples of lipids
Cholesterol
Phospholipid
Triglyceride
Fatty acids
Name 3 types of lipoproteins
LDL
HDL
Chylomicrons
How is cholesterol transported
As cholesterolester in lipoproteins
How is cholesterol converted into cholesterolester
- acyl-coa-cholesterol acyltranaferase
- lectihin-cholesterol acyltranaferase
Name 3 effects of insulin on adipose tissue
1) allows for fat storage
2) stimulates lipoprotein lipase formation
3) reduces activity of hormone sensitive lipase(less FA out of cell)
Where does lipogenesis occur
In the cytosol of the liver
What does lipoprotein lipase do?
Hydrolyzes triglycerides into 2FFA’s + 2 mono glycerol
Name the 4 steps of mitochondrial B oxidation
1) Dehydrogenation
2) Hydration
3) Dehydrogenation
4) Thiolytic cleavage
What happens in the first dehydrogenation step of mitochondrial oxidation?
Acyltranaferase-CoA dehydrogenase + FAD remove 2H from C2+C3 forming trans-Enoyl CoA
Which part of the pancreas is formed from the ventral part?
Head
Which part of the pancreas is formed from the dorsal part?
Body
What is the blood supply of the pancreas
1) Coeliac trunk
2) Hepatic artery
3) Splenic artery
What type of channels are the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance channels(CFTR)?
Chloride
Name 3 phases of pancreatic production
1) Cephalic phase
2) Gastric phase
3) Intestinal phase
Where do inputs of amino acids in the liver come from?
1) Dietary AA
2) Alanine from muscles
3) Glutamine from muscles
