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Critical Care (V) > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

0
Q

What is brain made up of?

A

Cerebrum
Diencephalon
Cerebellum
Brainstem

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1
Q

Brain what protects it?

A

Protected by meninges, CSF, and skull.

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2
Q

Prefrontal cortex of the frontal lobe:

A 
It's me as I know it: 
Intellect
Complex learning
Judgement
Reasoning
Concern 
Creation of abstract ideas
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3
Q

Parietal lobe:

A 
Responsible for sensation and somatostimuli:
Temp.
Pain
Shapes
Two-point discrimination
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4
Q

Occipital lobe:

A

Visual cortex

Receives stimuli from the retina and interprets that in relation to past experiences.

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5
Q

Temporal lobe:

A
  • Auditory stimuli impulses from the cochlea are transmitted here and interpreted regarding pitch, rhythm, loudness, and perception
  • Olfactory cortex is also here and transmits impulses regarding smells.
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6
Q

Diencephalon: thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus.

A 
Gateway to cerebral cortex- all input is channeled through here. 
• hypothalamus: 
BP
HR
Force of heart contraction
Digestive motility
Resp. Rate and depth
Pain, pleasure, fear. Temp. Food intake, water balance, sleep cycles.
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7
Q

Epithalamus:

A

Helps control moods and sleep cycles

Contains choroid plexus where CSF is formed.

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8
Q

Cerebellum:

A

Coordinates skeletal muscle movements and maintains equilibrium and muscle tone.

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9
Q

Brainstem:

A 
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
10 of 12 cranial nerves originate in Brainstem 
Connects upper and lower
•autonomic control center:
Resp.
Vomiting
Hiccuping
Swallowing
Coughing
Sneezing
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10
Q

Spinal cord

A

Continuation of medulla oblongata

Ascending and descending pathways

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11
Q

Nerves 1

A

Olfactory: smell

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12
Q

Nerve 2

A

Optic: vision

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13
Q

Nerve 3

A

Oculomotor: pupillary reflex, extrinsic muscle movement

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14
Q

Nerve 4

A

Trochlear: eye muscle movement

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15
Q

Nerve v

A

Trigeminal:
•ophthalmic branch- scalp, upper eyelid, nose, cornea, lacrimal gland.
•maxillary branch
•mandibular

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16
Q

Nerve 6

A

Abducens:

Extrinsic muscle movement of eye.

17
Q

Nerve 7

A 
Facial:
Taste (anterior)
Facial movements
Prod. Of tears 
Salivary stim.
18
Q

Nerve 8

A

Vestibulocochlear:
Sense of balance
Sense of hearing

19
Q

Nerve 9

A

Glossopharyngeal:
Gag and swallowing reflex
Taste (posterior)

20
Q

Nerve 10

A

Vagus:

Throat and mouth for swallowing and talking

21
Q

Nerve 11

A

Accessory:

Trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

22
Q

Nerve 12

A

Hypoglossal:
Movement of tongue
Movement of food during chewing
Speech

23
Q

31 pairs of spinal nerves

A

8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral

24
Q

Decerebrate

A

Rigid extension

Lesions ABOVE brain stem

25
Q

Decorticate:

A

Rigid flexion

Lesion OF Brainstem

26
Q

Arousal or alertness depends on what system.

A

RAS (reticular activating system)

27
Q

Seizure disorder:

Plan of care

A 
Airway patency
Safety
Admin. Meds
Emotional support
Treat underlying cause
28
Q

Status epilepticus

A 
Continuous seizure that lasts more than 30 minutes or person does not regain consciousness during a series of seizures. 
Tx:
Airway
Suction at bedside
Oxygen
VS and circulation 
Neuro assessment
IV
Safety
Thermoregulation
Admin. Meds
29
Q

ICP plan of care

A 
Sustained elevated pressure 10mm Hg or higher.
Tx:
Airway
Neuro
IICP monitor Ventilator monitor
Pads bed rails
ABG
Elevate HOB 30 degrees 
Fluid and electrolytes 
Bladder distention/constipation
Emotional support
Reduce stimuli (cough, sneeze, vagal)
Treat underlying cause
Surgery may be performed
30
Q

Processes occurring in brain that directly alter LOC

A 
IICP
Cerebral infarction
Hematoma
Intracranial hemorrhage
Tumors
Infections
Injury from excitatory amino acids 
Demyelination disorders
31
Q

Glasgow coma scale

A 
4 eye opening 
5 verbal response
6 motor response 
Max 15
Min3
32
Q

Aphasia

A

Damage in Left cerebral cortex

Defective or absent language function

33
Q

Dysphonia

A

Change in tone of voice common in clients who have had strokes
Paralysis of vocal cords (nerve X)

34
Q

Dysarthria (difficulty speaking)

A

Lesions on upper and lower motor neurons of cerebellum and extrapyramidal tract.

35
Q

Nystagmus:

A

Involuntary eye movement

36
Q

Reflexes tested in infants:

A 
Rooting- stroke side of face
Sucking- place finger in mouth
Tonic neck- turn head to one side
Palmar grasp- finger in infant palm
Stepping- hold infant close to surface
Moro- present loud noise. 
Most disappear within 4-6 mo of age.
37
Q

Children reflex:

A
  • Present as game if possible
  • Babinski abnormal after 2
  • Under 5 use DD ST 11
  • Ability to understand and follow directions
  • signs of short attention or hyperactivity
  • by 2 should walk backward
  • by 4 balance on one foot for 5 sec.
  • by 5 heel-toe walk
  • By 6 heel-toe walk backward
  • over 3 use Romberg
38
Q

Frontal:

A 
•Voluntary skeletal movement 
•speech
•emotions
•intellectual activities
--prefrontal: intellect complex learning judgement concern for others creation of abstract ideas.
39
Q

Moving IICP patient

A

Log roll that foo

40
Q

Dilantin

A 
Filter
50 mg/min
Monitor calcium
Monitor liver function
Taper off
Dilute with Normal saline
Don't take with antacids
Maintain good oral hygiene
Use additional nonhormone contraceptive
Don't use hand for IV insertion
41
Q

Epilepticus status:

A

Airway
50% glucose
Pams

Critical Care (V) (5 decks)

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