Neuro Flashcards
The three meninges of the CNS
- Pia Mater
- Arachnoid Membrane
- Dura Mater
CSF is found in ________
Subarachnoid Space
Subdural and Epidural space are both _______ spaces
potential
CSF is synthesized and reabsorbed approx ________
3 times a day
Normal ICP
0-10 mmHg
Normal CCP
70-90 mmHg
CPP calculation
MAP-ICP
MAP Calculation
MAP= DBP +1/3(pulse pressure)
Cushing Triad
- HTN
- Bradycardia
- Resp Changes
A subdural hematoma is typically _______ in nature
Venous
A subdural bleed lies between the ________
dura mater and arachnoid membrane
Acute Subdural Hematomas become symptomatic at ______
24 hours
Subacute Subdural Hematomas become symptomatic at ______
2-10 days
Chroinic Subdural Hematomas become symptomatic after ______
2 weeks
The chronic subdural will commonly demonstrate a ______ pattern on CT
Granulated or ‘salt and pepper’
What patient population will mostly likely demonstrate an acute subdural
Peds
The most common cause of subarachnoid bleed is _______
Trauma
Triple H-Therapy consist of:
- Hypertension
- Hypervolemia
- Hemodilution
Three classifications of CVA
- Embolic
- Hemorrhagic
- Thrombotic
______ fracture typically has a focal depression with fractures radiating outward. Similar to a ‘starred window’ pattern.
Linear Stellate
_______ fractures are a simple fracture forming a single line across the scull.
Linear
_______ fractures involve large sections of the skull being fractured from the main structure and becoming altered in their planar relationship to one another.
Diastatic
LeForte ___ results in a loose maxillary region or upper lip movement.
I
LeForte ___ results in a nasal section that is loose from the face itself.
II
LeForte ___ the entire face appears to be detached and mobile from the rest of the skull
III
The treatment of neurogenic shock includes the following:
- Oxygenate
- Perfuse
- Fill the Tank
- Limit further injury
Nipple Line Dermatome ____
T4
Xiphoid Dermatome ____
T6
Umbilical Dermatome ______
T10
Pubis Dermatome _____
T12
Pulse Pressure Calc
SBP-DBP
Decorticate Posturing indicates
Damage above the cerebellum and brainstem (supra-tentorial)
Decerebrate Posturing indicates
Damage to the brainstem or compression of the thalamus and brainstem
Treatment of increased ICP
- Position Position
- Limit Noxious Stimuli
- Maintain Euvolemia, Normothermia, Normal Electrolytes
In Head Injury Hyperventilate to keep PaCO2 between ______
32-35
If healthy then you can say ETCO2 is 3-5 below the this
Subdural is usually _______ in nature
venous
Subdural have a ______ mortality and morbidity
High
With Subdural bleeds in less 18 months look for ______
Bulging Fontanelle
Retinal Hemorrhages
Epidural Hematoma is bleeding between the ____ and the ______
Skull
Dura Mater
Epidural Hematoma are usually ______ in nature
arterial
With Epidural Hematoma you will see ____ pupil dilation and _______ hemiplagiea
ipsilateral
contalateral (opposite of hematoma)
Subarachnoid bleed is blood between the ____ and ______
Arachnoid Membraine
Pia Mater
_____ is the most common cause of subarchanoid and the second is ______
- Trauma
2. Berri Aneurysm
Common Chief Complaint of Subarachnoid _____
Worst Headache of my life
Subarachnoid Bleed CC
N/V
Stiff Neck
Visual Disturbance
Altered LOC
With Subarachnoid Bleed DO NOT _______
do a lumbar puncture
Intracerebral hemorrhage is blood in the _______
Brain Parenchyma
Intracerebral hemorrhage is caused by
Shearing and Tensile Force
Intracerebral hemorrhage is usually found in the _________
White Matter
Intraventricular bleed is bleeding into the ______
ventricles
With a mild concussion there is NO ______
LOC
Basilar Skull Fx S/S
Battle Signs
Periorbital Ecchymosis
Otorrhea
Rhinorrhea
Classic Signs of Neurogenic Shock
- Hypotension
- Warm Red Skin below the injury
- Absence of tachycardia
