Neuro Flashcards
Sensory Nerves
(Afferents)
Carry information from periphery, to the CNS
Motor Nerves
(Efferents)
Carry information from the CNS, toward the periphery
Acetylcholine (ACh)
- The most common neurotransmitter
- Excitable effect on nicotinic receptors
- Inhibitory effect on muscarinic receptors
Nicotinic Receptor
When triggered by ACh, is excitable
Muscarinic Receptor
When triggered by ACh, is inhibited
Cholinesterase
Destroys ACh (Acetylcholine)
Norepinephrine
Naturally occurs in adrenaline
Has excitatory response (Adrenaline = Exciting!)
Sympathic system
Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA)
Neurotransmitter
Generally inhibitory
The spinal cord ends around:
L1, or right around the area of your waist.
Basic Functional unit of the human nervous system
Reflex arc
“Sensory arm” goes from body, to spinal cord
“Motor arm” goes from spinal cord, to body
Both arms integrated by internuron within gray matter or cord
How many nerves that are ONLY sensory in function?
One. Olefactory
Conscious area of brain
Cerebral cortex
Outer layer of gray matter
Cranial Nerve I
Olfactory
Function of Olfactory Cranial Nerve
Cranial Nerve I
Smell
Cranial Nerve II
Optic
Function of Optic Nerve
Cranial Nerve II
Transmits visual signals from retina to brain
Sight
Cranial Nerve III
Oculomotor
Function of Oculomotor nerve
Cranial Nerve III
Parasympathetic: Pupil constriction
Sympathetic: eye movements, opening eyelid movements. Visual tracking and object fixation
Cranial Nerve IV
Trochlear Nerve
Function of Trochlear Nerve
Cranial Nerve Four
Eye Movement
Damage to Trochlear Nerve is exhibited by:
Outward rotation of affected eye
Double vision
Damage to Olfactory Nerve is exhibited by:
Blindness to affected eye- “Ipsilateral blindness”
Damage to Oculomotor nerve is exhibited by:
I HAVE NO IDEA JESUS
Cranial Nerve V
Trigeminal Nerve
Function of Trigeminal Nerve
Cranial Nerve Five
Facial Sensation
Biting, Speech, Jaw movement
Damage to Trigeminal Nerve
Triggeminal Neuralgia
Cranial Nerve VI
Abducens Nerve
Function of Abducens Nerve
Cranial Nerve Six
Lateral movement of eye
Damage to Abducens Nerve
Double Vision
Affected eye pulled medially
Affected eye cannot look sideways, towards temple
Cranial Nerve VII
Facial Nerve
Function of Facial Nerve
Cranial Nerve Seven
Facial Expression
Facial Sensation
To test for function of Facial Nerve
Observe for damage by looking for asymmetry in:
- Wrinkling brow
- Showing Teeth
- Frowning
- Clenching eyes shut
- Pursing lips
- Puffing cheeks
Cranial Nerve VIII
Vestibulocochlear
Function of vestibulocochlear nerve
Cranial Nerve Eight
Hearing
Balance
Damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve would manifest as:
- Hearing loss
- Vertigo
- involuntary eye movement (Nystagmus)
Cranial Nerve IX
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Function of Glossopharyngeal Nerve
Cranial nerve Nine
- Taste (posterior 1/3 of tongue)
- Swallowing
Damage to Glossopharyngeal Nerve would manifest as:
- Loss of bitter and sour tastes
- Impaired swallowing ability
Cranial Nerve X
Vagus Nerve
Function of Vagus Nerve
Cranial Nerve ten
- Parasympathetic lowering of heart rate
- Reduction of heart rate
- Sweating
- Speech
- Mouth Movements
Damage to the Vagus Nerve
- Hoarse voice
- Dysphagia
- Choking while drinking fluid
- Loss of gag reflex
Vasovagal Syncope
A reduction in heart rate and b/p, leading to ‘fainting’
Cranial Nerve XI
Accessory Nerve
Function of the Accessory Nerve
Cranial Nerve Eleven
Motor control and sensory of sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
Shoulder movement
Assess for damage to the Accessory Nerve by
- Shrugging shoulders against resistance
- Turning head R or L against resistance
Weakness when turning head LEFT against resistance indicates:
-Damage to RIGHT spinal accessory nerve (CNXI)
Cranial Nerve XII
Hypoglossal Nerve
Function of the Hypoglossal Nerve
Cranial Nerve Twelve
- Motor control of tongue
- Swallowing
Damage to Hypoglossal Nerve is manifested by:
-Deviation of tongue to damaged side
-Speech and chewing impairments
-
Oh, Once One Takes The Anatomy Final, Very Good Vacations Are Heavenly.
-I Olfactory Nerve II Optic Nerve III Oculomotor Nerve IV Trochlear Nerve V Trigeminal Nerve/Dentist Nerve VI Abducens Nerve VII Facial Nerve VIII Vestibulocochlear Nerve/Auditory Nerve IX Glossopharyngeal Nerve X Vagus Nerve XI Accessory Nerve/Spinal Accessory Nerve XII Hypoglossal Nerve
