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Clinical Assess 3 > Neuro 2 > Flashcards

Neuro 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Joints have _________

A

range of motion

It is not proper to say the that the patient is strong at the elbow or has good range of motion of the biceps.

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2
Q

Muscles have ________

A

strength

It is not proper to say the that the patient is strong at the elbow or has good range of motion of the biceps.

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3
Q

What is wrong with this statement?

the patient is strong at the elbow

A

Joints have range of motion

Muscles have strength

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4
Q

What is wrong with this statement?

the patient has good range of motion of the biceps.

A

Joints have range of motion

Muscles have strength

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5
Q

•muscular twitching involving the simultaneous contraction of contiguous groups of muscle fibers

A

fasciculation

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6
Q

residual muscle tension present in the muscle at rest

A

TONE

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7
Q

How do you test for muscle TONE?

A
  1. Assessed by feeling for resistance to passive stretch
  2. Move the joints through Passive Range of Motion & feel for resistance
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8
Q

Assessing muscle tone

INCREASED; Variable, worse at extremes of PROM

A

Spacticity

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9
Q

Assessing muscle tone

INCREASED; Continuous throughout PROM

A

Lead pipe rigidity

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10
Q

Assessing muscle tone

INCREASED; Intermittent/rachet like

A

Cogwheeling

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11
Q

Assessing muscle tone

DECREASED

A
  • hypotonia
  • flacidity
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12
Q

Abnormal Involuntary Movements

•most common cause is Parkinson’s Disease. This tremor is often called a “pill rolling” tremor for its characteristic movement.

A

Resting Tremor-

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13
Q

Abnormal Involuntary Movements

•a tremor of movement. Does not exist at rest. Usually is caused by brainstem or cerebellar disease.

A

Intention Tremor-

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14
Q

Abnormal Involuntary Movements

A

tremors and dyskinesias

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15
Q

Abnormal Involuntary Movements

Two types of tremors/Dyskinesia

A
  • Tremor at rest (pill rolling)
  • Intention tremor (best seen on finger-to-nose)
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16
Q

Abnormal Involuntary Movements

What is the best way to spot an ​Intention tremor?

A

•(best seen on finger-to-nose)

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17
Q

Abnormal Involuntary Movements

Identify:

  • a tremor of sustained posture. Is usually normal variant.
A
  • Postural Tremor
  • May be familial, or be caused or enhanced by medications, anxiety, sleep deprivation, caffeine, or hyperthyroidism
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18
Q

Abnormal Involuntary Movements

Identify the causes:

  • Postural Tremor
A
  • Postural Tremor
  • May be familial, or be caused or enhanced by medications, anxiety, sleep deprivation, caffeine, or hyperthyroidism
  • a tremor of sustained posture. Is usually normal variant.
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19
Q

Abnormal Involuntary Movements

Tics worsen with ______ and disappear during _______.

A
  • Tics
  • Tics worsen with stress and disappear during sleep.
  • Sudden, quick, coordinated movements that may be easily imitated.
  • Occurs repeatedly and can be voluntarily suppressed for a short time.
20
Q

Abnormal Involuntary Movements

Identify:

  • Sudden, quick, coordinated movements that may be easily imitated.
  • Occurs repeatedly and can be voluntarily suppressed for a short time.
A
  • Tics
  • Tics worsen with stress and disappear during sleep.
21
Q

Abnormal Involuntary Movements

Identify:

  • –Unpredictable, brief, rapid, jerky movements
A
  • •Chorea
  • –Seen in Huntington’s Disease
22
Q

Abnormal Involuntary Movements

Identify the cause:

  • Chorea
A
  • •Chorea
  • –Seen in Huntington’s Disease
  • –Unpredictable, brief, rapid, jerky movements
23
Q

Abnormal Involuntary Movements

Identify the cause:

  • •Athetosis
A
  • Athetosis
  • –Seen in Cerebral Palsy
  • –Slow, twisting writhing movement
24
Q

Abnormal Involuntary Movements

Identify:

  • –Slow, twisting writhing movement
A
  • Athetosis
  • –Seen in Cerebral Palsy
25
Q

Strength examination is the act of….

A

Testing muscles against resistance

26
Q

Strength scale

Identify:

  • No movement/flicker
A

Zero-0

_____________________

GRADED 0 – 5 scale:

0 = No movement / flicker

1 = Visible flicker of contraction

2 = Active movement with gravity eliminated

3 = Active movement against gravity (no resistance at all)

4 = Active movement against gravity with some resistance

5 = Active movement against gravity with full

resistance

27
Q

Strength scale

Identify:

  • Visible flicker of contraction
A

One-1

_____________________

GRADED 0 – 5 scale:

0 = No movement / flicker

1 = Visible flicker of contraction

2 = Active movement with gravity eliminated

3 = Active movement against gravity (no resistance at all)

4 = Active movement against gravity with some resistance

5 = Active movement against gravity with full

resistance

28
Q

Strength scale

Identify:

  • Active movement with gravity eliminated
A

Two-2

_____________________

GRADED 0 – 5 scale:

0 = No movement / flicker

1 = Visible flicker of contraction

2 = Active movement with gravity eliminated

3 = Active movement against gravity (no resistance at all)

4 = Active movement against gravity with some resistance

5 = Active movement against gravity with full

resistance

29
Q

Strength scale

Identify:

  • Active movement against gravity (no resistance at all)
A

Three-3

_____________________

GRADED 0 – 5 scale:

0 = No movement / flicker

1 = Visible flicker of contraction

2 = Active movement with gravity eliminated

3 = Active movement against gravity (no resistance at all)

4 = Active movement against gravity with some resistance

5 = Active movement against gravity with full

resistance

30
Q

Strength scale

Identify:

  • Active movement against gravity with some resistance
A

Four-4

_____________________

GRADED 0 – 5 scale:

0 = No movement / flicker

1 = Visible flicker of contraction

2 = Active movement with gravity eliminated

3 = Active movement against gravity (no resistance at all)

4 = Active movement against gravity with some resistance

5 = Active movement against gravity with full

resistance

31
Q

Strength scale

Identify:

  • Active movement against gravity with full resistance
A

Five-5

_____________________

GRADED 0 – 5 scale:

0 = No movement / flicker

1 = Visible flicker of contraction

2 = Active movement with gravity eliminated

3 = Active movement against gravity (no resistance at all)

4 = Active movement against gravity with some resistance

5 = Active movement against gravity with full

resistance

32
Q

Two rules for accurate strength testing

A
  1. Always test side to side!
  2. Never test both sides at the same time!
33
Q

Strength Testing

Need to immobilize the _____________ of the muscles you are testing

A

limb proximal to the joint

34
Q

Strength Testing

Do the deltoids have a joint you need to immobilize?

A

No; therefore may test both at same time

35
Q

Strength Testing

Which muscle?

“Make chicken wings and hold them up”

A

Deltoids

  • Nothing to immobilize
36
Q

Strength Testing

Which muscle?

“Make a muscle and don’t let me move it”

A

Biceps or Elbow Flexion

  • Immobilize shoulder
37
Q

Strength Testing

Which muscle?

“Push me away”

A

Triceps or Elbow Extension

  • Immobilize shoulder
38
Q

Strength Testing

Which muscle?

“Curl your wrist down and don’t let me uncurl it”

A

Wrist Flexion

  • Immobilize arm so patient can’t move at elbow
39
Q

Strength Testing

Which muscle?

“Stick ‘em up and don’t let me move your wrist”

A

Wrist Extension

  • Immobilize arm so patient can’t move at elbow
40
Q

Strength Testing

Which muscle?

“Lift your leg straight up and don’t let me push it down ”

A

Hip Flexors

41
Q

Strength Testing

Which muscle?

“Kick out against my hand”

A

Knee extension

  • Support thigh just above the knee
42
Q

Strength Testing

Which muscle?

“Bend your knee and don’t let me straighten it”

A

Knee extension

  • Support thigh just above the knee
43
Q

Strength Testing

Which muscle?

“Toes to the nose and don’t let me move them”

A

Ankle dorsiflexion

  • Support heel
44
Q

Strength Testing

Which muscle?

“Step on the gas!”

A

Ankle plantarflexion

  • Support heel
45
Q

Strength Testing

Which muscle?

“Big toe up like a thumbs up and hold it”

A

Toe extensors

46
Q

Strength Testing

Which muscle?

“Curl your toes and don’t let me uncurl them”

A

Toe flexors

Clinical Assess 3 (8 decks)

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