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Clinical Assess 3 > MSK 3 > Flashcards

MSK 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Temporomandibular Joint: Normal range of motion test

A

3 finger insert test

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2
Q

1

  • __________ are hard, bony outgrowths or gelatinous cysts on the proximal interphalangeal joints (the middle joints of fingers or toes.)
  • Sign of ___________
A

Bouchard’s nodes=PIP

Osteoarthritis

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3
Q

2

  • _________ are hard or bony swellings that can develop in the distal interphalangeal joints (DIP) (the joints closest to the end of the fingers and toes)
  • Sign of ___________
A
  • Heberden’s nodes=DIP
  • Osteoarthritis
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4
Q

1

  • It results from hyperflexion of the extensor digitorum tendon
  • Injury of the extensor digitorum tendon of the fingers at the distal interphalangeal joint
  • Usually occurs when a ball, while being caught, hits an outstretched finger and jams it
  • Inability to extend finger
A

Mallet Finger

Hyperflexion at DIP (extensor digitorum tendon)

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5
Q

2

  • Presents with flexion of the PIP and hyperextension of the DIP.
    • PIP=flexion
    • DIP=hyperextension
  • May affect one or more fingers, including the thumb.
  • Active flexion results in being “stuck” until person passively extends finger
  • PIP joint will not straightened under its own power (actively) but can be straightened by the other hand (passively). In addition the end joint of the finger (DIP joint) over straightens and will not bend (flex) fully.
  • Keyword: “POP”
  • Generally caused by a forceful blow to the top (dorsal) side of a bent (flexed) middle joint of a finger or a deep cut.
  • May also be caused by Rheumatoid arthritis
A

Boutonniere (“button hole”) deformity/Trigger finger

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6
Q

3

  • Develops with hyperextension of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint and flexion of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint.
    • PIP=hyperextension
    • DIP=flexion
  • May affect one or more fingers but not the thumb.
  • Occurs in about 50 per cent of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) cases
A

Swan-neck deformity

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7
Q

“Squeeze-Test” (MTP/MCP)

A
  • Indicates Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Positive squeeze test – where squeezing the hand across the knuckle joints is unduly painful
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8
Q

Signs of Rheumatoid arthritis

A
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9
Q
  • grating, crackling or popping sounds and sensations experienced in the joints or a crackling sensation
  • Indication of lost cartilage (sound is bone on bone)
A
  • crepitus
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10
Q
  • __________ and _________ will likely display crepitus
  • Also common in trauma and is a common sign of ________
A
  • osteoarthritis
  • rheumatoid arthritis
  • bone fracture
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11
Q
  • Presence of increased intra-articular fluid (fluid in the joint)
  • Can be blood, synovial fluid, or gout fluid
A

Joint Effusion

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12
Q

Palpate for warmth utilizing the ____ of the hand

A

dorsum

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13
Q

Shoulder range of motion

A
  1. flexion (180 degrees)
  2. extension (50 degrees)
  3. abduction (180 degrees)
  4. adduction (50 degrees)
  5. internal rotation (90 degrees)
  6. external rotation (90 degrees)

(ball and socket joint)

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14
Q

Degree of normal range of motion:

  • shoulder flexion
A

180 degrees

(same as abduction)

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15
Q

Degree of normal range of motion:

  • shoulder hyperextension
A

50 degrees

(same as adduction)

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16
Q

Degree of normal range of motion:

  • shoulder abduction
A

180 degrees

(same as flexion)

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17
Q

Degree of normal range of motion:

  • shoulder adduction
A

50 degrees

(same as hyperextension)

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18
Q

Degree of normal range of motion:

  • shoulder external rotation
A

90 degrees

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19
Q

Elbow range of motion

A
  1. Flexion (160 degrees)
  2. Extension (180 degrees)
  3. Pronation (90 degrees)
  4. Supination (90 degrees)
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20
Q

Degree of normal range of motion:

  • Elbow flexion
A

160 degrees

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21
Q

Degree of normal range of motion:

  • Elbow extension
A

180 degrees

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22
Q

Degree of normal range of motion:

  • Elbow supination
A

90 degrees

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23
Q

Degree of normal range of motion:

  • Elbow pronation
A

90 degrees

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24
Q

Degree of normal range of motion:

  • shoulder internal rotation
A

90 degrees

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25
Q

Identify

A
  • Olecranon bursitis
  • inflammation of the fluid filled sac of the elbow joint; NOT INFECTION
  • No actual effusion in the joint; only the bursa
  • Note that this is a mobile “ball”
  • Due to trauma
  • May get cellulitis
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26
Q

Wrist range of motion

A
  1. Flexion (90 degrees)
  2. Extension (70 degrees)
  3. Radial deviation (toward thumb) (20 degrees)
  4. Ulnar deviation (toward pinky) (55 degrees)
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27
Q

Degree of normal range of motion:

  • Wrist flexion
A

90 degrees

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28
Q

Degree of normal range of motion:

  • Wrist extension
A

70 degrees

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29
Q

Degree of normal range of motion:

  • Wrist radial deviation
A

20 degrees

(toward thumb)

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30
Q

Degree of normal range of motion:

  • Wrist ulnar deviation
A

55 degrees

(toward pinky)

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31
Q

Finger range of Motion

A
  1. Flexion (MCPJ) (90 degrees)
  2. Hyperextension (MCPJ) (30 degrees)
  3. Abduction
  4. Adduction
  5. Opposition (thumb)
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32
Q

Degree of normal range of motion:

  • Finger (MCPJ) Flexion
A

90 degrees

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33
Q

Degree of normal range of motion:

  • Finger (MCPJ) hyperextension
A

30 degrees

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34
Q

Identify the thumb movement

A

flexion of thumb

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35
Q

Identify the thumb movement

A

extension of thumb

36
Q

Identify the thumb movements

A
  • Adduction of thumb (top arrow toward fingers)
  • Abduction of thumb (bottom arrow away from fingers)
37
Q

Identify thumb movement

A

Opposition of thumb

38
Q

Thumb range of motion

A
  1. Flexion
  2. Extension
  3. Abduction
  4. Adduction
  5. Opposition
39
Q

Identify

  • condition in which the knees angle in and touch each other when the legs are straightened
A

Genu Valgum “knock knees”

40
Q

Identify

  • condition in which the knees of an affected individual are wide apart, while the ankles and feet are together when he/she stands up.
  • lower leg is angled inward (medially) in relation to the thigh’s axis, giving the limb overall the appearance of an archer’s bow. Usually medial angulation of both lower limb bones (femur and tibia) is involved.
A

Genu Varum “Bow Legged”

  • In most children under 2 years old, bowing of the legs is simply a normal variation in leg appearance. In children with physiologic genu varum, the bowing begins to slowly improve at approximately 18 months of age and continues as the child grows. By ages 3 to 4, the bowing has corrected and the legs typically have a normal appearance.
41
Q

Hip range of motion

A
  1. Flexion
    • Knee flexed: 120 degrees
    • Knee extended: 30 degrees
  2. Extension (90 degrees)
  3. Abduction (45 degrees)
  4. Adduction (30 degrees)
  5. Internal (medial) Rotation (40 degrees)
  6. External (lateral) Rotation (45 degrees)
42
Q

Degree of normal range of motion:

  • Hip flexion
A
  • Flexion-knee flexed (120 degrees)
  • Flexion-knee extended (30 degrees)
43
Q

Degree of normal range of motion:

  • Hip extension
A

90 degrees

44
Q

Degree of normal range of motion:

  • Hip abduction
A

45 degrees

45
Q

Degree of normal range of motion:

  • Hip adduction
A

30 degrees

46
Q

Degree of normal range of motion:

  • Hip Internal rotation
A

40 degrees

47
Q

Degree of normal range of motion:

  • Hip external rotation
A

45 degrees

48
Q

Knee range of motion

A
  1. Flexion (130 degrees)
  2. Extension (15 degrees)
49
Q

Degree of normal range of motion:

  • knee flexion
A

130 degrees

50
Q

Degree of normal range of motion:

  • knee extension
A

15 degrees

51
Q

Ankle range of motion

A
  1. Plantar flexion (45 degrees)
  2. Dorsiflexion (20 degrees)
  3. Inversion (30 degrees)
  4. Eversion (20 degrees)
52
Q

Degree of normal range of motion:

  • Ankle plantar flexion
A

45 degrees

53
Q

Degree of normal range of motion:

  • Ankle dorsiflexion
A

20 degrees

(same as ankle eversion)

54
Q

Degree of normal range of motion:

  • Ankle inversion
A

30 degrees

55
Q

Degree of normal range of motion:

  • Ankle eversion
A

20 degrees

(same as ankle dorsiflexion)

56
Q

Toe range of motion

A
  1. Flexion
  2. Extension
57
Q

Lordosis is a _______ or ______ concavity

A
  • Cervical
  • Lumbar
58
Q
  • Lateral inspection
  • ___________ refers to an inward (concave) curvature of the cervical and lumbar regions of the human spine.
  • Can also refer to extreme curvature in those regions
59
Q
  • Lateral inspection
  • _________ refers to the normal outward (convex) curvature in the thoracic and sacral regions
  • Can also refer to extreme curvature in those regions
60
Q

Kyphosis is a _____ and _____ convexity

A
  • Thoracic
  • Sacral
61
Q

Lordosis is con____

62
Q

kyphosis is con____

63
Q

Normal Spine

  • Cervical spinE is _________
  • Thoracic spine is _________
  • Lumbar spine is _________
  • Sacral spine is _________
A
  • Cervical spinE is conCAVE
  • Thoracic spine is conVEX
  • Lumbar spine is conCAVE
  • Sacral spine is conVEX
64
Q

POSTERIOR INSPECTION OF SPINE

Symmetry of _______ and ________

A
  • Shoulder height
  • Iliac crest
65
Q

POSTERIOR INSPECTION OF SPINE

When inspecting the spinal column, an upright spinal column should have an imaginary line from _____ through the _______

A
  • C7
  • gluteal cleft
66
Q

__________ is defined as a decrease in the mass of the muscle

A

muscle atrophy

67
Q

________ involves an increase in size of skeletal muscle through a growth in size of its component cells

A

muscle hypertrophy

68
Q

Identify

  • (posterior inspection) a spine that curves to the side
69
Q
  • ____ is the top of the shoulder
  • _____ is the tip of the shoulder
70
Q

It’s common to find a harmless deposit of fat under the skin on the back. This is called ______

71
Q

An abnormal tuft of hair of the back may indicate _______

A

spina bifida

Spina bifida is a birth defect where there is incomplete closing of the backbone and membranes around the spinal cord.

72
Q

_________ is a benign, flat, congenital birthmark with wavy borders and irregular shape.

May appear on the backs of infants.

A

Mongolian spot (congenital dermal melanocytosis)

73
Q
  • ______ is a visible and palpable finding of the spine where the bones are not lined up properly which can be seen and felt by the examiner
  • Commonly due to trauma
A

“step-off”

74
Q

Cervical spine range of motion

A
  1. Flexion (45 degrees)
  2. Extension (55 degrees)
  3. Lateral Rotation (70 degrees right and left)
  4. Lateral bending (40 degrees right and left)
75
Q

Degree of normal range of motion:

  • Cervical spine flexion
A

45 degrees

76
Q

Degree of normal range of motion:

  • Cervical spine extension
A

55 degrees

77
Q

Degree of normal range of motion:

  • Cervical spine lateral rotation (right and left)
A

70 degrees

78
Q

Degree of normal range of motion:

  • Cervical spine lateral bending (right and left)
A

40 degrees

79
Q

When performing cervical spine range of motion, you may need to stabilize the ______

A

shoulders-prevents chest movement

80
Q

Which cranial nerve?

  • As patient to rotate head to one side then apply resistance–> compare to other side
  • Have patient shrug shoulders against resistance and compare
A

Cranial Nerve XI (Accessory)

Nine

81
Q

Spine range of motion

A
  1. Flexion (90 degrees)
  2. Extension (30 degrees)
  3. Lateral Bending (35 degrees right and left)
  4. Lateral Rotation (30 degrees right and left)
82
Q

Degree of normal range of motion:

  • spine flexion
A

90 degrees

83
Q

Degree of normal range of motion:

  • spine extension
A

30 degrees

84
Q

Degree of normal range of motion:

  • spine lateral bending (right and left)
A

35 degrees

85
Q

Degree of normal range of motion:

  • spine lateral rotation (right and left)
A

30 degrees

86
Q

When performing spinal range of motion, be sure to stabilize the ________

Clinical Assess 3 (8 decks)

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