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DIT Cards > Neuro 2 > Flashcards

Neuro 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Tumor marker for Glioblastoma

A

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)

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2
Q

Cells that makes GFAP

A

Astrocytes

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3
Q

CNS phagocytes

A

Microglia

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4
Q

Respond to CNS tissue damage

A

Microglia

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5
Q

These cells respond to CNS HIV infx by fusing and forming multinucleated giant cells

A

Microglia

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6
Q

Cells that myelinate CNS

A

Oligodendrocytes

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7
Q

Cells destroyed in Multiple Sclerosis

A

Oligodendrocytes

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8
Q

‘Fried egg” appearance on H&E stain

A

Oligodendrocytes

*so do HPV Koilocytes and Testicular Seminomas (cytoplasmic clearing)

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9
Q

These cells are damaged in Guillan Barre

A

Schwann Cells

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10
Q

Bil Acoustic Schwannomas

A

Neurofibromatosis Type II

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11
Q

Which cell type causes Acoustic Neuroma in the internal acoustic meatus

A

Schwann = Schwannoma

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12
Q

CNS Physical support

A

Astrocyte

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13
Q

Reactive Gliosis

A

Astrocytes

*CNS scarring

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14
Q

Foot process which is a component of BBB

A

Astrocytes

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15
Q

From which “derm” are neurons of CNS derived?

A

Neuroectoderm

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16
Q

From which “derm” are ependymal cells derived?

A

Neuroectoderm

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17
Q

From which “derm” are Microglia derived?

A

Mesoderm

*M from Meso

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18
Q

From which “derm” are Oligodendrocytes and Astrocytes derived?

A

Neuroectoderm

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19
Q

From which “derm” are Neural crest cells derived?

A

Neuroectoderm

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20
Q

These cross the BBB slowly via carrier mediated mechanism

A

Glucose and AAs

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21
Q

Cross the BBB rapidly via diffusion

A

Nonpolar, lipid-soluble substances

*anesthesia

22
Q

Released from hypothalamus and crosses BBB via fenestration

A

ADH and Oxytocin

23
Q

Can cause damage to the BBB and subsequent edema

A

Trauma, Infx, Stroke

24
Q

Two reasons to do head CT with contrast

A

Infx or Tumor

25
Q

Which diuretic given to decrease ICP for the short term?

A

Mannitol

26
Q

Catecholamine NTs

A

DA and NE

*DA = Dopamine

27
Q

Which NT?

  • Increased in schizophrenia
  • Decreased in depression
  • Decreased in Parkinson’s dz
A

DA

28
Q

What are the 4 DA pathways?

A
  1. Mesocortical pathway
  2. Mesolimbic pathway
  3. Nigrostriatal pathway
  4. Tuberoinfundibular pathway
29
Q

Catecholamine secreted by adrenal medulla and certain neurons

A

NE

30
Q

Disorder from decreased NE secretion?

A

Depression

31
Q

Disorder from increased NE secretion?

A

Anxiety and Mania

32
Q

A deficiency in Vitamin B6 can cause extreme excitation seen in

A

Seizures

*no GABA inhibition

33
Q

Which NT?

  • Decreased in depression
  • Increased in anxiety and mania
A

NE

34
Q

Primary synthesis in brain is Raphe nucleus

A

5-HT

35
Q

Synthesized in Basal nucleus of Meynert

A

Acetylcholine

36
Q

Synthesized in Locus ceruleus, Reticular formation, and Solitary tract

A

NE

37
Q

Which NT?

  • Decreased in Huntington chorea
  • Decreased in Alzheimer dementia
  • Increased in Parkinson Dz
A

Acetylcholine

38
Q

Main inhibitory NT of CNS

A

GABA

39
Q

Which NT?

  • Decreased in anxiety
  • Decreased in depression
A

5-HT

40
Q

This location in the brain degenerates in Alzeihmer’s

A

Basal Nucleus of Meynert

41
Q

Amphetamines and Cocaine increase secretion of this NT

A

NE

42
Q

Made from glutamate

A

GABA

43
Q

Which NT?

  • Decreased in anxiety
  • Decreased in Huntington Dz
  • Made from glutamate
A

GABA

44
Q

Needed to synthesize GABA from glutamate in the CNS

A

Vitamin B6

45
Q

The 3 Main components of this system

  1. Reticular formation
  2. Locus ceruleus
  3. Raphe nuclei
A

Reticular activating system

46
Q

Synthesized in Nucleus accumbens

A

GABA

47
Q

Main inhibitory NT of the spinal cord

A

Glycine

48
Q

Main excitatory NT of the CNS

A

Glutamate

49
Q

A lesion of this system can cause decreased NE and 5HT leading to coma

A

Reticular activating system (RAS)

50
Q

Reduction of this NT causes the choreaform movements seen in Huntigton’s

A

GABA

DIT Cards (6 decks)

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