Neuro 2

Question 1

Tumor marker for Glioblastoma

Answer 1

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)

Question 2

Cells that makes GFAP

Answer 2

Astrocytes

Question 3

CNS phagocytes

Answer 3

Microglia

Question 4

Respond to CNS tissue damage

Answer 4

Microglia

Question 5

These cells respond to CNS HIV infx by fusing and forming multinucleated giant cells

Answer 5

Microglia

Question 6

Cells that myelinate CNS

Answer 6

Oligodendrocytes

Question 7

Cells destroyed in Multiple Sclerosis

Answer 7

Oligodendrocytes

Question 8

‘Fried egg” appearance on H&E stain

Answer 8

Oligodendrocytes

*so do HPV Koilocytes and Testicular Seminomas (cytoplasmic clearing)

Question 9

These cells are damaged in Guillan Barre

Answer 9

Schwann Cells

Question 10

Bil Acoustic Schwannomas

Answer 10

Neurofibromatosis Type II

Question 11

Which cell type causes Acoustic Neuroma in the internal acoustic meatus

Answer 11

Schwann = Schwannoma

Question 12

CNS Physical support

Answer 12

Astrocyte

Question 13

Reactive Gliosis

Answer 13

Astrocytes

*CNS scarring

Question 14

Foot process which is a component of BBB

Answer 14

Astrocytes

Question 15

From which “derm” are neurons of CNS derived?

Answer 15

Neuroectoderm

Question 16

From which “derm” are ependymal cells derived?

Answer 16

Neuroectoderm

Question 17

From which “derm” are Microglia derived?

Answer 17

Mesoderm

*M from Meso

Question 18

From which “derm” are Oligodendrocytes and Astrocytes derived?

Answer 18

Neuroectoderm

Question 19

From which “derm” are Neural crest cells derived?

Answer 19

Neuroectoderm

Question 20

These cross the BBB slowly via carrier mediated mechanism

Answer 20

Glucose and AAs

Question 21

Cross the BBB rapidly via diffusion

Answer 21

Nonpolar, lipid-soluble substances

*anesthesia

Question 22

Released from hypothalamus and crosses BBB via fenestration

Answer 22

ADH and Oxytocin

Question 23

Can cause damage to the BBB and subsequent edema

Answer 23

Trauma, Infx, Stroke

Question 24

Two reasons to do head CT with contrast

Answer 24

Infx or Tumor

Question 25

Which diuretic given to decrease ICP for the short term?

Answer 25

Mannitol

Question 26

Catecholamine NTs

Answer 26

DA and NE *DA = Dopamine

Question 27

Which NT? - Increased in schizophrenia - Decreased in depression - Decreased in Parkinson's dz

Answer 27

DA

Question 28

What are the 4 DA pathways?

Answer 28

1. Mesocortical pathway 2. Mesolimbic pathway 3. Nigrostriatal pathway 4. Tuberoinfundibular pathway

Question 29

Catecholamine secreted by adrenal medulla and certain neurons

Answer 29

NE

Question 30

Disorder from decreased NE secretion?

Answer 30

Depression

Question 31

Disorder from increased NE secretion?

Answer 31

Anxiety and Mania

Question 32

A deficiency in Vitamin B6 can cause extreme excitation seen in

Answer 32

Seizures *no GABA inhibition

Question 33

Which NT? - Decreased in depression - Increased in anxiety and mania

Answer 33

NE

Question 34

Primary synthesis in brain is Raphe nucleus

Answer 34

5-HT

Question 35

Synthesized in Basal nucleus of Meynert

Answer 35

Acetylcholine

Question 36

Synthesized in Locus ceruleus, Reticular formation, and Solitary tract

Answer 36

NE

Question 37

Which NT? - Decreased in Huntington chorea - Decreased in Alzheimer dementia - Increased in Parkinson Dz

Answer 37

Acetylcholine

Question 38

Main inhibitory NT of CNS

Answer 38

GABA

Question 39

Which NT? - Decreased in anxiety - Decreased in depression

Answer 39

5-HT

Question 40

This location in the brain degenerates in Alzeihmer's

Answer 40

Basal Nucleus of Meynert

Question 41

Amphetamines and Cocaine increase secretion of this NT

Answer 41

NE

Question 42

Made from glutamate

Answer 42

GABA

Question 43

Which NT? - Decreased in anxiety - Decreased in Huntington Dz - Made from glutamate

Answer 43

GABA

Question 44

Needed to synthesize GABA from glutamate in the CNS

Answer 44

Vitamin B6

Question 45

The 3 Main components of this system 1. Reticular formation 2. Locus ceruleus 3. Raphe nuclei

Answer 45

Reticular activating system

Question 46

Synthesized in Nucleus accumbens

Answer 46

GABA

Question 47

Main inhibitory NT of the spinal cord

Answer 47

Glycine

Question 48

Main excitatory NT of the CNS

Answer 48

Glutamate

Question 49

A lesion of this system can cause decreased NE and 5HT leading to coma

Answer 49

Reticular activating system (RAS)

Question 50

Reduction of this NT causes the choreaform movements seen in Huntigton's

Answer 50

GABA