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NUR 223 > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

What 4 categories is assessment inferred through?

A

Appearance
Behaviors
Cognition
Thought process

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2
Q

What do you assess for appearance?

A

Posture, movements, grooming

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3
Q

What do you assess for behaviors?

A

Level of alertness, expressions, speech, mood, appropriateness of response

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4
Q

What do you assess for cognition?

A

Attention, memory, judgement

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5
Q

What do you assess for cognition?

A

Attention, memory, judgement

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6
Q

What do you access for thought process?

A

Does thought content make sense
Is it logical
Is it relevant

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7
Q

What is the general survey cue?

A

Physical appearance
Body structure
Mobility
Behaviors

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8
Q

What is physical appearance general survey cue?

A

Stated age
Color
LOC
Symmetry of features

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9
Q

What do you assess for body structure in the general survey cue?

A

Symmetry
Position
Posture

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10
Q

What do you assess for mobility in the general survey cue?

A

ROM

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11
Q

What do you assess for behavior in the general survey cue?

A

Expression, speech, dress, mood, hygiene, etc.

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12
Q

What are the stroke signs?

A

Balance
Eyesight
Facial drop
Arm
Speech
Time to call 911/terrible headache

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13
Q

What three things do you do for a neurological assessment?

A

Orientation
Level of consciousness
Pupils

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14
Q

How do you assess orientation?

A

Question about person place and time
Should be a verbal response

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15
Q

How do you assess orientation?

A

Question about person place and time
Should be a verbal response

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16
Q

How do you assess LOC?

A

Descriptors: alert, lethargic, obtunded, stupor, coma
Glasgow coma scale: eye opening, motor response, verbal response

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17
Q

What 5 things do you assess when assessing the pupils?

A

Size
Shape
Equality
Reacts to light
Accommodation

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18
Q

When and what do you document

A

Document right after assessment
Document your findings and compare to prior assessments as you are charting

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19
Q

What do you assess for the muscoskeletal system at the bedside?

A

Strength and symmetry of the hands
Strength and symmetry of the feet during plantar flexion and dorsi flexion

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20
Q

What are the functions of the musculoskeletal system?

A

Protect organs, provide structural support, movement, red blood cell formation, and mineral absorption

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21
Q

Osteo

A

Bone

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22
Q

Ligament

A

Tissue that connects bone to bone

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23
Q

Joint

A

Two or more bones come together

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24
Q

Tendon

A

Tough, flexible bands that connect muscles to bones

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25
Q

Patella

A

Kneecap

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26
Q

Malleoli

A

Protrudings at the ankle joint

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27
Q

Active Range of Motion

A

Using muscles to control joints without assistance

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28
Q

Passive ROM

A

Movement caused by an outside source

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29
Q

Mobility

A

Ability to move around

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30
Q

ADLS

A

Activities of daily living
Used to function in all aspects of life: bathing, dressing, grooming, toileting, eating, drinking, moving/transferring

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31
Q

Medial

A

Middle

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32
Q

Medial

A

Middle

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33
Q

Anterior

A

Front

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34
Q

Posterior

A

Back

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35
Q

Inferior

A

Bottom

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36
Q

Superior

A

Top

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37
Q

Proximal

A

Towards

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38
Q

Distal

A

Away

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39
Q

Deformities

A

Alteration or distortion of a body part

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40
Q

Crepitus

A

Crackling sound

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41
Q

Atrophy

A

Wasting away

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42
Q

Flexion

A

Bending/decreasing angle

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43
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Foot flexing down

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44
Q

Dorsi flexion

A

Foot flexing up

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45
Q

Extension

A

Straightening/ making the angle bigger

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46
Q

Hyperextension

A

Going beyond normal limits

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47
Q

Rotation

A

Moving the joint all around

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48
Q

Abduction

A

Moving away from midline

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49
Q

Adduction

A

Moving towards body

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50
Q

Prone

A

Palms facing down

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51
Q

Supine

A

Palms facing up

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52
Q

Elevation

A

Rise above normal

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53
Q

Depression

A

Lower below normal

54
Q

Weight bearing

A

Putting weight on a joint

55
Q

OT

A

Occupational therapy

56
Q

PT

A

Physical therapy

57
Q

List the section of the spine in order

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccyx

58
Q

What are the two parts of the nervous system

A

Central
Peripheral

59
Q

What are the components of the central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal cord

60
Q

What are the components of the peripheral nervous system

A

Cranial nerves
Spinal nerves

61
Q

What functions do the cranial nerves support?

A

Brain function
See
Taste
Smell
Hear
Feel

62
Q

What is the purpose of neurological exam as part of the beside assessment

A

Essential for diagnosing suspected peripheral neuropathies

63
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Outer layer of cerebrum, mode of gray matter

64
Q

Thalamus

A

Relay station in the brain that processes sensory and motor signals from various locations.

65
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Located deep in brain. Maintains homeostasis, body temperature, hormones, thirst, hunger, stress hormones

66
Q

Cerebellum

A

Back of brain, essential for coordinating muscle movements and maintaining posture and balance

67
Q

Brain stem

A

Regulating autonomic functions such as breathing, heart rate, and digestion

68
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Sensory cortex
Interpreting signals of touch, position, pain, and temperature

69
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Motor cortex, memory, speech, language, personality, decision making
Broca’s area: speech

70
Q

Occipital

A

Visual cortex, visual processing, and interpretation

71
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Hearing and recognizing language, auditory cortex, Wermickes area: comprehension of verbal and written language

72
Q

Neuro

A

Nerve relating to nervous system

73
Q

CVA/stroke

A

Cerebrovascular accident
Sudden death of brain cells due to inadequate blood flow

74
Q

Two types of stroke

A

Ischemic: blockage of artery
Hemorrhagic: caused by bleeding

75
Q

TIA

A

Transient ischemic attack(mini stroke)
Temporary disruption in blood supply to the brain

76
Q

Symmetry

A

Body parts look equally bilaterally and relative proportion

77
Q

Asymmetry

A

Lack of symmetry

78
Q

Midline

A

Central axis of the body

79
Q

Upper extremities

A

Arms

80
Q

Lower extremities

A

Legs

81
Q

Hyper

A

Above

82
Q

Hypo

A

Below

83
Q

Tri

A

Three

84
Q

Bi

A

Two

85
Q

Bi

A

Two

86
Q

Alert

A

Awake or readily aroused and oriented

87
Q

Lethargic

A

Not fully alert/ drifts in and out

88
Q

Obtunded

A

Transitional state between lethargy and stupor/ sleeps most the time and difficult to arouse

89
Q

Stupor/semi-coma

A

Spontaneously unconscious, responds to vigorous shaking or pain

90
Q

Coma

A

Completely unconscious
No response

91
Q

What are the three parts of the Glasgow Coma Scale

A

Eyes:1-4
Speech:1-5
Motor:1-6

92
Q

Prosis

A

Drooping of upper lid

93
Q

Nystagmus

A

Rapid uncontrolled movements

94
Q

Strabismus

A

Squint, crossed eye

95
Q

Diplopia

A

Double vision

96
Q

Gait

A

Pattern of walking

97
Q

Ataxia

A

Uncoordinated walking

98
Q

Hemiplegia

A

Paralysis of one side of the body

99
Q

Paraplegia

A

Paralysis of the lower body

100
Q

Quadriplegia

A

Paralysis of the body from the neck down

101
Q

Paresthesia

A

Tingling feeling

102
Q

Paralysis

A

Loss of muscle function

103
Q

Aphasia

A

Loss of ability to understand/express speech

104
Q

Intact

A

As expected/complete

105
Q

Bilateral

A

Both sides

106
Q

Unilateral

A

One side

107
Q

Epiphysis

A

Red bone marrow

108
Q

Diaphysis

A

Yellow bone marrow

109
Q

Metaphysics

A

Growth plate

110
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Bone forming

111
Q

Osteoclast

A

Bone destroying

112
Q

What are calcium and phosphorus good for

A

Bone formation

113
Q

Vitamin D is important for

A

Calcium absorption

114
Q

What is calcitonin good for

A

Toning down the calcium levels in the blood

115
Q

What is PTH good for

A

Bringing calcium out of the bone and into the blood

116
Q

What are the steps of the musculoskeletal exam for the bedside

A

Assess strength with bilateral hand grasps
Assess strength with plantar flexion and dorsi flexion against resistance

117
Q

What are the steps of the musculoskeletal exam for the bedside

A

Assess strength with bilateral hand grasps
Assess strength with plantar flexion and dorsi flexion against resistance

118
Q

Musculoskeletal grading scale

A

5-100-normal-complete ROM w full resistance
4-75-good-complete ROM w some resistance
3-50-fair-complete ROM w no resistance
2-25-poor-complete ROM w gravity omitted
1-10-trace-evidence of slight contract-ability
0-0-zero-no evidence of contractability

119
Q

What two assessment techniques are used during the musculoskeletal exam for the bedside assessment?

A

Bilateral hand grasps and bilateral plantar+dorsi flexion

120
Q

What two assessment techniques are used during the musculoskeletal exam for the bedside assessment?

A

Bilateral hand grasps and bilateral plantar+dorsi flexion

121
Q

Document assessment finds for your patient who is able to grasp both of your hands with full strength against resistance

A

Hand grasp:5

122
Q

Document assessment finds for your patient who is able to push both feet up with full strength against the pressure/opposing force of your hands

A

Plantar and dorsi flexiion

123
Q

What do the letters of the acronym SBAR represent

A

Situation
Background
Assessment
Resolution

124
Q

What are the steps of the neurological exam as part of the bedside assessment

A

Orientation
LOC
Pupil

125
Q

Write three questions that can be used to assess each of the 3 aspects of your patients orientation

A

Where are you currently
What is todays date
What is your name

126
Q

What objective scale is used to assess the level of consciousness

A

Glasgow coma scale

127
Q

What are the 5 qualities of the eyes are assessed as part of the neurological exam?

A

Size
Shape
Accommodation
Reaction to light
Equality

128
Q

From the comp tool, what are the 4 quality/safety requirements that must be met during every patient encounter

A

Introduce self and role
Hand hygiene
Double identifier
Explains procedure

129
Q

BEFAST meaning

A

Balance
Eye sight
Facial drooping
Arm
Speech
Time to call 911 or terrible headache

130
Q

Document orientation findings for someone who is able to state his name, location, and date?

A

Verbal response:5

NUR 223 (5 decks)

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