Cardiovascular And Plumonary Flashcards
What is the purpose of the cardiac system?
Ensure that your body gets the o2 and nutrients it needs.
Pump blood throughout your body
Apex
Inferior top of the heart
Base
Superior border of the heart
How does the blood flow through the heart
Enters through the superior and inferior vena cava
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonic valve
Lungs
Pulmonary vein
Left atrium
Mitral valve
Left ventricle
Aortic valve
Body
What action in the heart generates S1
Closing of the AV valves
Mitral valve
Tricuspid valve
What action in the heart generates S2
Closing of the semilunar valves
Pulmonary and aortic valves
What is the expected heart rate range for an adult at rest
60-100 bpm
Which vessel brings unoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
Pulmonary artery
Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart?
Pulmonary vein
Carotid artery
Either of the 2 vessels carrying oxygenated blood from heart to the brain
Pulmonary artery
Artery that carries venous blood from right ventricle of heart to lungs
Pulmonary vein
Vein that carries oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium of the heart
Atria
Plural of atrium, left and right, chamber of cavity connected to several chambers
Ventricle
Small cavity or chamber within a body of an organ
Regular rhythm
Sinus rhythm
Irregular rhythm
Arrhythmia
EKG
Electrocardiogram
HTN
Hypertension, high bp
MI
Myocardia infarction
Hypotension
Blood pressure that is lower than 90/60
Diabetes mellitus
Condition where pancreas no longer produces insulin OR the cells stop responding to the insulin that is produced
Antrioventricular valves
Tricuspid valve: right atrium and right ventricle
Mitral valve: between left ventricle and left atrium
Semilunar valves
Aortic valve: left ventricle and ascending aorta
Pulmonary valve:right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
Apical pulse PMI
Heart sound directly over apex or heart
Heart apex
Blunt lower extremity of heart
Heart base
Opposite of apex
DNR
Do not resuscitate
AND
Allow natural death
ICS
Intercostal space
MCL
Mid-clavicular line
AED
Automatic external defibrillator
Tachy
Fast
Brady
Slow
Bruit
Harsh or musical intermittent auscultatory
Murmur
Low, indistinct continuous sound heard in the heart
DYS
Bad or difficult
Itis
Inflammation
Cardi
Heart
Pulmo
Lungs
Hema
Blood
What is the purpose of the respiratory system
Exchange o2 and co2 between body and environment
What is the anatomical difference between the right and left lungs?
Right- 3 lobes
Left- 2 lobes
Describe the flow of air in/out through the airway
Nose/mouth
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Apex
Top of lungs
Base
Bottom of lungs
Lung apex
Top of lungs
Lung base
Bottom of lungs
Lung Base
Bottom of lungs
Diaphragm
Dome-shaped muscular portion separating the thorax from abdomen
Axillary
Armpit
Lobe of Lung
Right: 3 Left:2
SOB
Shortness of breath (NOT shortness of air which you will hear but is incorrect)
WOB
Work of breathing
HOB
Head of bed
Barrel Chest
Lungs overfilled with air, cause chest to be broad and large
Adventitious breath sounds
Lung sounds that are not normally heard
Rales(crackles)
Rattling/popping sounds with inhale/exhale
Rhonchi
Low pitch snoring sound with inhale or exhale
What are the steps of the cardiac exam
Auscultate apical pulse
What assessment techniques are used during the cardiac exam
Auscultation
What are some subjective questions that relate to cardiac exam
Have you ever had an EKG?
Do you have a family history of heart attacks?
Have you ever been diagnosed with a heart murmur?
Describe the location on the apical pulse (PMI)
Apex, bottom of the heart
The nurse uses which part of the stethoscope to assess the apical pulse?
Diaphragm
How do you document findings of an apical pulse that was 68 bpm
Apical Pulse: S1 and S2 sounds present, Regular rhythm, 68 BPM
What are the steps of the respiratory exam
Inspects the respiratory pattern and effort
Auscultate breath sounds in all lobes
What assessment techniques are used during the respiratory exam
Inspection
Auscultation
What part of the stethoscope is used to assess breath sounds
Diaphragm
What is the expected respiratory rate range for an adult at rest
12-20
What are some subjective questions that relate to the respiratory exam
Do you experience shortness of breath?
Have you been diagnosed with asthma?
Do you smoke or vape?
Describe the process for auscultating the lungs using the stethoscope
Move laterally
How should the nurse instruct the patient to breath during the lung exam
Take deep breaths
Wheezing
High pitched squeak, inhale or exhale
Labored breathing
Breathing is difficult or impaired
O2
Oxygen saturation
Pulse oximeter
Device attached to earlobe or fingertip that measures O2 saturation and pule
Tachypnea
Rapid breathing
Bradypnea
Slow breathing
Hyperventilation
Abnormally fast or deep breathing
