Neuro

Question 1

language deficit considerations

Question 2

Neuro issues

Answer 2

• cigarette smoking: 4.7% students monthly, 2.6% weekly
• eCigarettes/vaping: 12% student monthly, 8% weekly
• binge drinking: 1 in 5 monthly. prevalent among 17+yo
• marijuana use: 23% ever, 4.1% weekly
• other drugs: 3.7% ever

Question 3

TBI/head injury- define, types

Answer 3

define: alteration in brain function caused by external force. affect brain tissue. Blunt or penetrating injury.

1. blunt/closed TBI- skull still intact
2. open/penetrating TBI- skull damaged, brain exposed

types:
1. Focal TBI: localised injury
a. contusion: brain/neuron damage at impact point
- coup injury: damage at initial point of impact
- contrecoup injury: damage at point opposite to coup injury due to rebound effect

b. hematoma: blood collection
- epidural: between bone and dura
- subdural: between dura and arachnoid
- subarachnoid: between arachnoid and pia mater (blood mixed w/ CSF)
- intracerebral: within cerebral tissue

2. diffuse TBI: blunt injury causing widespread damage. concussion to severe diffuse axonal injury (DAI)
   a. concussion: mild-sever (concouse coma)
   b. severe: significant neuronal tearing/damage = unrecoverable coma

Question 4

TBI/head injury

Answer 4

long term disability:
- fatigue, cognition changes, behavioural changes
- repeated TBI leads to Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy

risk: hypoxia due to increased ICP = decreased circulation, impaired mobility, social isolation

management:
- GCS assessment
- ICP monitoring
- oxygen therapy
- positioning, slight sedation, control noise and light
- supportive care (counselling, physio/OT/SLT)