Cardiac (study OneNote)

Question 1

MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION- define, patho, s/s, treatment/management, meds

Question 2

LEFT VENTRICULAR HEART FAILURE- define, patho, s/s, management

Answer 2

define: the heart’s inability to pump blood to meet the body’s requirements

patho:
-> blood remains in the ventricle at the end of systole
-> increase in LV size and pressure
-> backflow of blood into LA
-> increase in pulmonary pressure
-> fluid enters alveoili
-> pulmonary oedema

management:
- sit upright
- supplemental oxygen (if <93% +/- non-invasive ventilation with pos pressure)
- decreased myocardial O2 demand
- reduce preload and afterload (vasodilators and diuretics)
- invasive monitoring of BP and CVP, continuous onitoring of HR and rhythm, RR, Sp)2
- Inotropes, intra-aortic balloon pump, LV assist device

Question 3

ECG

Answer 3

• looks for ST elevation or depression

Question 4

Consider and Correct the cause: 5 H’s

Answer 4

Hypoxia

Hypovolaemia

Hypo/Hyperkalaemia

Hypoglycemia

Hypothermia

Question 5

Consider and Correct the cause: 5 T’s

Answer 5

Tension pneumothorax: air between chest cavity and lungs

Tamponade (cardiac): pooling of blood = compress the heart = blood fills the pericardial sac

Thrombosis: blood clot blocks vessels

Toxicity

Trauma