Neuro Flashcards
What is the function of the spinocerebellar tract?
- unconcious proprioception and balance
Function of the Posterior columns?
- sensory
- fine touch
- vibration
- proprioception
Function of the lateral spinothalamic tract?
- carries pain and temp
Function of the anterior spinothalamic tracts?
- carries crude touch and pressure
What is the function of the corticospinal tract?
- controls musculature of the body
What is the function of the coricobulbar tract ?
- controls musculature of the head and the neck`
What is the function of the vestibulospinal tract?
- balance and posture
What lesion would cause loss of contrlateral pain and temperature below the lesion?
- lesion of the lateral spinothalamic tract at the level of the brain of the spinal cord
What lesion would cause loss of ipsilateral proprioception and steregnosis?
- lesion of the dorsal columns (posterior columns
What lesion would cause ipsi loss of coordination ( uncoincious proprioception)?
- spinal cord or cerebellar lesion of the spinocerebellar tract
What would cause sensory loss of the contralateral side of the body?
- lesion of the primary sensory cortex
When does cogwheel rigidity or lead pipe rigidity occur?
- parkinson’s
What causes
- glove and stock anestesia
- distal loss of sensation
- Peripheral Neuropathy b/c
+ diabetes
+ pernicous anemia
+ nutrient deficiency
What causes
- loss of pain and temperature sense in the upper limbs
- cape like distribution
- syringomyelia b/c fluid fied cavity compresses the lateral spinothalamic tracts
What causes
- decreased or loss of all sensory nodes
- the area of loss is dermatomal
- nerve root impingment b/c \+ trauma \+ vascular oclusion \+ disc herniation \+ impingment \+ SOL
What causes
- contralateral pain and temperature loss
- ipsilateral vibration, position sense loss
- ipsilateral flacid paralysis at the level of the lesion
- ipsilateral spastic paralysis below the level of the lesion
- Brown Sequard (cord hemisection) b/c
+ meningioma
+ neurofibbroma
+ cervical spondylosis
What causes
- saddle anesthesia
- incontinence
- impotence
- Cauda Equina b/c
+ central disc herniation
+ SOL
+ Truma (#)
What causes?
- complete loss of all sensation and motor control below lesion
- complete cord transection b/c
+ trauma
+ demyelinating
+ SOL
What causes?
- lateral shoulder sensory loss
- deltoid atrophy
- axillary nerve injury
What causes
- lateral forearm sensory loss
- elbow flexion weakness
- Musculocutaneous nerve injury
What causes
- sensory loss over posterior arm, forearm, wrist and posterior thumb index and middle finger
- wrist drop
- wrist extensor atrophy
- Radial Nerve injury b/c
+ brachial plexus injury
+ shoulder dislocation
+ direct trauma
What causes
- decreased sensation of anterior thumb index middle finger and half of ring finger
- ape hand
- thenar atrophy
- median nerve injury b/c \+ brachial plexus injury \+ elbow dislocation \+ direct trauma \+ carpal tunnel
What causes
- decreased or loss sensation of medial hand
- claw hand
- interosseous atrophy
- froments sign
- Ulnar nerve injury \+ brachial plexus injury \+ humeral head fracture \+ elbow dislocation \+ direct trauma
What causes
- decrease or loss sensation of lateral shin and dorsum of foot
- foot drop
- common peroneal nerve injury b/c
+ prolonged crossed knee sitting
+ trauma to fib head
+ compression from high boots
What causes
- paresthesia over anterior lateral thigh
- decreased light touch sensation over anterior lateral thigh
- no weakness or motor loss
- meralgia paresthertica b/c \+ direct trauma \+ fat \+ pregnancy \+ tight belts
What causes
- loss of sensation on face and body on contralateral side to lesion
- Thalamus lesion
What causes
- ipsilateral loss of facial pain and temp
- contralateral loss of body pain and temp
- Wallenberg’s syndrome
+ posterior inferior cerebellar artery occlusion
What causes
- right side spasticity, hyperreflexia
- left weakness and tongue atrophy
- Medulla lesion
What causes
- right maseter weakness and facial anesthesia
- left side lower face arm and leg weakness
- Pons lesion
What causes
- right side ptosis, dilated pupil and difficulty adducting eye
- left sided lower facial paresis and spasticity of extremities
- Midbrain lesion
What causes
- B/L CN 3 paresis
- Left sided decrease in all sensation
- midbrain lesion
What causes?
- combination of UMN and LMN signs
- affects distal extremities first
- muscle atrophy
- hyperreflexia
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
What causes
- rapid flaccid paralysis
- decreased sensation in extremities ex. arms and legs
- Guillian-Barre (demylenation infection
+ usually starts at the toes and centeralizes
What causes contralateral lower limb
- weakness
- decreased sensation
- hyperreflexia
- Anterior Cerebral artery occlusion
if L artery then right leg affected
What causes contralateral upper limb and facial
- weakness
- decreased sensation
- hyperreflexia
- middle artery occlusion
What causes
- decreased proprioception
- hyporeflexia
- rombers
- sensory loss
- ataxia
- bladder dysfunction
- Neurosyphilis b/c
+ Treponema pallidum (affects posterior columns)
What causes contralateral
- loss of pain, vibration and crude touch (spinothalamic)
- loss of fine touch graphesthesia and sterognosis
- cognitive defects
- cortex lesion b/c
+ stroke
+ parietal lobe lesion
