neuro Flashcards
2 types of vertigo
benign paroxysmal vertigo
central vertigo
s/s of cerebellum issue
vertigo
ataxia
lack of coordination is called
ataxia
unsteady walking is called
ataxic gait
benign paroxysmal vertigo is dizziness related to an issue where
the ears
central vertigo is associated with an issue with what
the cerebellum
benign paroxysmal vertigo is triggered by?
changing position of head
central vertigo is triggered by?
nothing can happen abruptly
procedure where spinal needle is inserted through L3-L4 interspace into lumbar subarachnoid space
lumbar puncture
how does patient have to be positioned during lumbar puncture procedure
lateral recumbent with knees to abdomen & chin to chest
reasons lumbar puncture is performed
obtain CSF
measure CSF
install air, dye or medication
s/p lumbar puncture interventions
-position pt flat for 3-4 hrs
-monitor vitals & neuro signs to check for CSF leakage
- monitor for headaches
- increase fluid intake
lumbar puncture interventions during procedure
position pt lumbar recumbent w knees to abdomen & chin to chest
what pt is lumbar puncture procedure contraindicated in
pt w/ increased intracranial pressure
where should you avoid doing lumbar puncture to not injure spinal cord
L1 or thoracic area
internal lining of CNS is called
meninges
irritation of the the meninges is called
meningsm
s/s off meningism
stiffness
severe headache
what position should pt be placed in after lumbar puncture procedure
supine position
what should pt be given after lumbar puncture procedure unless contraindicated
2-3 L of fluids
what does normal CSF look like
clear
known as the “food of the brain”
glucose
what does cloudy CSF mean?
bacteria present
what do bacteria/viruses eat
glucose
low glucose in CSF means?
meningitis
what do bacteria excrete
protein
low glucose and high protein in CSF means which kind of meningitis
bacterial meningitis
low glucose and low protein is a sign of what meningitis
viral meningitis
how to differentiate between bacterial and viral meningitis
protein level
what does the blood brain barrier do?
filter what can enter the brain
what is the only thing that can cross the blood brain barrier without filter
glucose
bloody/sangeous CSF is a sign of
brain aneurysm/brain bleeding
excessive CSF can cause
increased intracranial pressure
will intracranial pressure increase with brain bleeding?
yes
what happens if lumbar puncture is performed on a pt w increased ICP?
too much leakage
what happens to the meninges when lying down
relaxed
imaging of blood vessels in the brain by injecting iodine contrast in artery
cerebral angiography
what artery is mostly used in cerebral angiography
carotid artery
why is carotid artery used in cerebral angiography
closest to the brain
angio means
blood vessels
what medication is contraindicated before angiography and just be stopped 48 hrs before procedure
metformin
pre op cerebral angiography interventions
assess for iodine/shellfish allergy
encourage hydration
s/p cerebral angiography interventions
-monitor for neck swelling
-monitor/report dyspnea/difficulty swallowing
-keep bed flat if contrast was injected into femoral artery
graphic recording of electrical activity of superficial layers of cerebral cortex
electroencephalography
who are the only people able to interpret electrocephalography
neurologists
s/p electroencepholography interventions
maintain side rails
safety precautions if pt sedated
bell’s palsy means what cranial nerve is damaged
cranial nerve 7
what nervous system controls CNS
respiration
bilateral dilated fixed pupils mean what part of the brain is damaged
midbrain damage
pinpoint fixed pupils mean what part of the brain is damaged
pontine
cheyne stokes respiration occurs when
CNS issue
pt dying
reflex assessed by stroking sole of foot
babinski reflex
what will happen to toes if babinski reflex is positive
fan out and be hyperextended
how will toes be when babinski is tested on babies that’s normal
hyperextended
what is the best glasgow coma score
15
