chapter 45

Question 1

holes in bones is called

Answer 1

osteoporosis

Question 2

etiology of osteoporosis

Answer 2

lack of calcium in bones

Question 3

non-modifiable osteoporosis risk factors

Answer 3

age
gender (female)
post menopause (lack of estrogen)
race (white)

Question 4

modifiable osteoporosis risk factors

Answer 4

PPI’s (omeprazole & other -zole meds)
glucocorticoids (prednisone & other -sone)
diet (lack of vitamin D)
fractures/trauma
obesity
inactivity/immobility
alcohol

Question 5

S/S of osteoporosis

Answer 5

pain
pathological fractures (spontaneous fractures)
kyphosis

Question 6

how do pathological fractures occur

Answer 6

spontaneously when pt moves without trauma

Question 7

osteoporosis diagnostic studies

Answer 7

MRI
CT scan
DEXA scan (bone density scan)

Question 8

how often should a DEXA scan be performed

Answer 8

once per year for prevention

Question 9

a normal DEXA scan score is

Answer 9

-1 and above

Question 10

DEXA score of -1.1 through -2.4 would indicate

Answer 10

osteopenia

Question 11

DEXA score of -2.5 & below would indicate

Answer 11

osteoporosis

Question 12

is a DEXA score of zero normal?

Answer 12

yes it means bone density is perfect

Question 13

what do osteoclasts do

Answer 13

break down calcium in bones

Question 14

what happens to calcium broken down by osteoclasts

Answer 14

released into the bloodstream

Question 15

osteoporosis treatment

Answer 15

lifestyle changes
raloxifen (menopausal women)
alendronate
NSAIDS (pain)
vitamin D (any kind)
calcium supplements

Question 16

what medicine increases estrogen and prevent osteoporosis in post menopausal woman

Answer 16

raloxifen

Question 17

medication that treats osteoporosis and may cause esophageal ulcers

Answer 17

alendronate (fosamax)

Question 18

pt education for taking alendronate

Answer 18

-take w full glass of water on empty stomach
- stay upright for at least 30 mins to an hr after taking

Question 19

is osteoporosis reversible?

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

which kind of doctor would provide care for osteoporosis

Answer 20

rheumatologist

Question 21

adverse effects of calcium supplements

Answer 21

kidney stones

Question 22

how to prevent kidney stones from calcium supplements

Answer 22

drink lots of fluids

Question 23

osteoporosis complications

Answer 23

kyphosis
pathological fractures
pain

Question 24

osteoporosis nursing interventions

Answer 24

educate pt:
- increase calcium & vitamin D intake
- weight bearing exercise for 30 mins (brisk walk)
- smoking cessation
- limit alcohol

Question 25

what is osteomyelitis

Answer 25

a bone infection

Question 26

osteomyelitis causes

Answer 26

bacteria
virus
parasites
fungi

Question 27

how does bacteria infect the bone in osteomyelitis

Answer 27

through an open fracture

Question 28

what is an open fracture

Answer 28

when bone breaks and comes out of the skin

Question 29

why is osteomyelitis difficult to treat?

Answer 29

lack of blood vessels in bones

Question 30

S/S of osteomyelitis

Answer 30

bone pain
fever
redness & heart in infected home area
elevated WBC count
ESR (later as disease progresses)

Question 31

osteomyelitis treatments

Answer 31

NSAIDS (pain)
antibiotics (bone infection)
antipyretics (fever)

Question 32

abnormal thickening of palm fascia at base of fingers is called

Answer 32

dupuytren’s contracture

Question 33

when fluid leaks out of joint/tendon tunnel and forms swelling beneath skin it’s called a?

Answer 33

ganglion cyst (looks like spider bite in 2000 spider-man movie but a lil less gross)

Question 34

what drugs are used as antipyretics

Answer 34

NSAIDS