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Psychiatry Boards 2022 > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Broca Aphasia symptoms & location

A

Nonfluecy, bad repetition, writing affected, comprehension spared
L. frontal lobe

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2
Q

Wernicke Symptoms and Location

A

Fluent, bad comprehension, word salad, anosognosia,

Posterior superior temporal gyrus

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3
Q

Conduction aphasia symptoms and location

A

Fluent, bad repetition, paraphasic errors, preserved comprehension, writing affected
deep parietal area

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4
Q

Global aphasia symptoms and location

A

all language functions affect, mute or just non-word utterances
perisylvian, broca and wernicke’s area

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5
Q

transcortical motor aphasia symptoms & location

A

nonfluent, good comprehension & repetition, can’t write or initiate speech
Adjust to broca’s area - frontal lobe

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6
Q

transcortical sensory aphasia symptoms & location

A

fluent, paraphasic errors, bad comprehension, looks like wernicke’s but w/ intact repetition and echolalia
adjacent to wernicke’s area

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7
Q

Inclusion & exclusion criteria for R-TPA

A

inclusion: acute ischemic stroke w/ clear time onset of less than or equal to 3 hrs
absence of hemorrhage

exclusion: minor stroke symptoms, seizure at onset of stroke, prior intracranial hemorrhage, blood pressure above 185/110, major surgery within the previous 14 days, prior stroke or head injury within the past 3 months, current use of oral anticoagulation, low plts <100K

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8
Q

ipsilateral horner syndrome, ipsilateral loss of pain and temp in face, cerebellar ataxia, weakness in vocal cords, contralateral loss of pain and temp to hemibody

A

Wallenberg Syndrome, left lateral medullary syndrome

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9
Q

Disease in AIDs patient that causes issue w/ visual acuity

A

CMV- cytomegalovirus

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10
Q

How do you diagnose Creutzfeldt Jakob?

A

CSF assay 14-3-3 proteinase inhibitor

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11
Q

ALS involves degeneration of?

A

anterior horn cells

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12
Q

Acalculia, agraphia, right and left confusion, finger agnosia,
Name of disease
Location in brain

A

Gertzmann’s syndrome

left parietal lobe damage

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13
Q

Trigeminal Neuralgia treatment

A

carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine

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14
Q

When do pain and temperature nerves cross the midline?

A

at the level of the spinal cord in which it enters

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15
Q

When does the motor nerve pathways cross the midline?

A

caudal medulla

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16
Q

When do the fine touch, proprioception, and vibration nerves decussate?

A

MEDULLA, so they run ipsilateral in the spinal cord

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17
Q

Name of tract that holds fine touch, vibration, and propioception

A

dorsal columns

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18
Q

name of tracts that hold pain temperature

A

lateral spinothalamic

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19
Q

what is the name of the motor tracts in spinal cord?

A

CORTICOSPINAL

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20
Q

The primary function of the subthalamic nucleus

A

movement regulation (part of the basal ganglia), if injured causes hemiballismus

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21
Q

the primary function of the putamen is

A

facilitates movement and influences learning

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22
Q

drainage of csf is done by

A

arachnoid granulations

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23
Q

What drugs are used to treat tics in tourette’s syndrome?

A

antipsychotics, most commonly haldol, clonidine, & botox A can be used for blepharospasm.

24
Q

Monocular blindness is caused by

A

injury to optic nerve or eyeball

25
Q

Injury to the optic chiasm causes

A

bitemporal hemianopia

26
Q

Damage to which lobe is most likely to present with depression?

A

left prefrontal cortex

27
Q

Restless leg syndrome can be accompanied by uncomfortable and unpleasant sensations in the legs. T or F

A

T

28
Q

Restless leg syndromes must persist for 1 month or more for diagnosis. T or F

A

F, must persist for 3 months

29
Q

What is Kluver bucy syndrome and it is caused by destruction of what parts of the brain?

A

Clinical features - hypersexuality, placidicty, hyperorality, hyperphagia

Destruction of amygdaloid bodies and inferior temporal cortex

caused by Pick’s disease or stroke and AD

30
Q

Limb spasticity in MS is treated w/ which drug?

A

Baclofen also called Lioresal

31
Q

tropical spastic paraparesis

  • type of disorder (what it impacts in body)
  • causes by which virus?
A

chronic progressive myelopathy - upper motor neuron weakness, bladder disturbance, variable sensory loss, all the way to loss of walking

32
Q

Marcus Gunn Pupil

  • describe what you see
  • what is caused by
A

relative afferent pupillary defect, when the light is on the normal eye both eyes constricts, when the light is on affected eye there is lesser constriction with an initial dilation

optic neuritis often in MS

33
Q

inclusion body myositis - features

A

most common myositis in older adults
impacts men more than women
impacts strength in distal muscles of arms and legs - wrist and finger and quadricepts

34
Q

dopaminergic activity in which brain structure is linked w/ tourette’s

A

CAUDATE Nucleus - regulate motor activity by determining which motor acts get out

35
Q

what does muscle denervation look like on EMG?

A

Fibrillation potentials

36
Q

which bacterial infection most commonly precedes GBS?

A

Campylobacter jejuni

37
Q

when is endartectomy indicated?

A

symptomatic ICA stenosis of 70-99%, symptomatic being TIA, amaurosis fugax

38
Q

Chiari Type I malformation - describe defect , and other associated findings

A

cerebellar tonsils below the level of the foramen magnum

syringomyelia most common

39
Q

Chiari Type II defect and findings

A

defect involves caudal displacement of cerebellum AND medulla and fouth ventricle.
It has typically has lumbar myelomeningocele

40
Q

papez circuit - connects what structures

A

hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, cortex, cingulate gyrus, mamillary bodies

important in memory

41
Q

persistent vegetative state - what is still preserved? and what is lacking

A

sleep-wake cycle, eye track and swallowing can be preserved, and eye opening.

no longer have responses to noxious stimuli and awareness of surroundings and absence of majority of cognitive function

42
Q

What is the injury in shaken baby syndrome?

A

typically involves intracranial, subarachnoid, and subdural hemorrhages, and can see retinal hemorrhages

43
Q

Which poisoning causes a blue line at gingival margin?

A

Lead poisoning

44
Q

features of lead poisoning

A

children can become encephalopathic, acute GI ilness, confusion, seizures, intracranial HTN

in adults mostly motor neuropathy, wrist drop or food drop

45
Q

CJD eeg findings

A

periodic sharp wave complexes

46
Q

PLEDS on eeg are found in

A

HSV encephalitis, acute hemispheric stroke, tumors, abscesses,

47
Q

Epidural Hematomas are caused by damage to

A

middle meningeal artery

48
Q

What is prosopagnosia and what causes it?

A

inability to recognize familiar faces and caused by lesions in bilateral occipital temporal. It is associated w/ agraphia and achromatopsia

49
Q

opsoclonus-myoclonus is most often caused by what in infants?

A

neuroblastoma

50
Q

What is ramsay hunt and what nerves does it impact?

A

ramsay hunt is a herpetic cranial neuritis (facial palsy, vertigo, hearing loss) that affects facial and acoustic nerves. caused by varicella zoster

51
Q

most common tumor primary brain tumor in patients over age 60

A

glioblastoma multiforme

52
Q

What is Anton’s syndrome and what causes it?

A

Anton’s syndrome is considered to be cortical blindness, localizes to bilateral occiptal lobes. PAtient’s deny that they are blind and they confabulate and patients can also suffer from visual hallucinations

53
Q

Riluzole affects which neurotransmitter and is used in the treatment of what illness?

A

glutamate antagonist

used in ALS

54
Q

What is the most frequent opportunistic CNS infection in AIDS patients?

A

CNS Toxoplasmosis

55
Q

What is vacuolar myelopathy

A

most common spinal cord pathology in AIDs patients
clinical picture - spasticity, gait instability, lower extremity weakness, loss of proprioception & vibration sensation and sphincter dysfunction

56
Q

Bulint syndrome is a stroke syndrome resulting from ischemia in what brain region

A

parietal- occiptal -

ocular apraxia, optic ataxia

Psychiatry Boards 2022 (6 decks)

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