Neuro

Question 1

Broca Aphasia symptoms & location

Answer 1

Nonfluecy, bad repetition, writing affected, comprehension spared
L. frontal lobe

Question 2

Wernicke Symptoms and Location

Answer 2

Fluent, bad comprehension, word salad, anosognosia,

Posterior superior temporal gyrus

Question 3

Conduction aphasia symptoms and location

Answer 3

Fluent, bad repetition, paraphasic errors, preserved comprehension, writing affected
deep parietal area

Question 4

Global aphasia symptoms and location

Answer 4

all language functions affect, mute or just non-word utterances
perisylvian, broca and wernicke’s area

Question 5

transcortical motor aphasia symptoms & location

Answer 5

nonfluent, good comprehension & repetition, can’t write or initiate speech
Adjust to broca’s area - frontal lobe

Question 6

transcortical sensory aphasia symptoms & location

Answer 6

fluent, paraphasic errors, bad comprehension, looks like wernicke’s but w/ intact repetition and echolalia
adjacent to wernicke’s area

Question 7

Inclusion & exclusion criteria for R-TPA

Answer 7

inclusion: acute ischemic stroke w/ clear time onset of less than or equal to 3 hrs
absence of hemorrhage

exclusion: minor stroke symptoms, seizure at onset of stroke, prior intracranial hemorrhage, blood pressure above 185/110, major surgery within the previous 14 days, prior stroke or head injury within the past 3 months, current use of oral anticoagulation, low plts <100K

Question 8

ipsilateral horner syndrome, ipsilateral loss of pain and temp in face, cerebellar ataxia, weakness in vocal cords, contralateral loss of pain and temp to hemibody

Answer 8

Wallenberg Syndrome, left lateral medullary syndrome

Question 9

Disease in AIDs patient that causes issue w/ visual acuity

Answer 9

CMV- cytomegalovirus

Question 10

How do you diagnose Creutzfeldt Jakob?

Answer 10

CSF assay 14-3-3 proteinase inhibitor

Question 11

ALS involves degeneration of?

Answer 11

anterior horn cells

Question 12

Acalculia, agraphia, right and left confusion, finger agnosia,
Name of disease
Location in brain

Answer 12

Gertzmann’s syndrome

left parietal lobe damage

Question 13

Trigeminal Neuralgia treatment

Answer 13

carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine

Question 14

When do pain and temperature nerves cross the midline?

Answer 14

at the level of the spinal cord in which it enters

Question 15

When does the motor nerve pathways cross the midline?

Answer 15

caudal medulla

Question 16

When do the fine touch, proprioception, and vibration nerves decussate?

Answer 16

MEDULLA, so they run ipsilateral in the spinal cord

Question 17

Name of tract that holds fine touch, vibration, and propioception

Answer 17

dorsal columns

Question 18

name of tracts that hold pain temperature

Answer 18

lateral spinothalamic

Question 19

what is the name of the motor tracts in spinal cord?

Answer 19

CORTICOSPINAL

Question 20

The primary function of the subthalamic nucleus

Answer 20

movement regulation (part of the basal ganglia), if injured causes hemiballismus

Question 21

the primary function of the putamen is

Answer 21

facilitates movement and influences learning

Question 22

drainage of csf is done by

Answer 22

arachnoid granulations

Question 23

What drugs are used to treat tics in tourette’s syndrome?

Answer 23

antipsychotics, most commonly haldol, clonidine, & botox A can be used for blepharospasm.

Question 24

Monocular blindness is caused by

Answer 24

injury to optic nerve or eyeball

Question 25

Injury to the optic chiasm causes

Answer 25

bitemporal hemianopia

Question 26

Damage to which lobe is most likely to present with depression?

Answer 26

left prefrontal cortex

Question 27

Restless leg syndrome can be accompanied by uncomfortable and unpleasant sensations in the legs. T or F

Answer 27

T

Question 28

Restless leg syndromes must persist for 1 month or more for diagnosis. T or F

Answer 28

F, must persist for 3 months

Question 29

What is Kluver bucy syndrome and it is caused by destruction of what parts of the brain?

Answer 29

Clinical features - hypersexuality, placidicty, hyperorality, hyperphagia Destruction of amygdaloid bodies and inferior temporal cortex caused by Pick's disease or stroke and AD

Question 30

Limb spasticity in MS is treated w/ which drug?

Answer 30

Baclofen also called Lioresal

Question 31

tropical spastic paraparesis - type of disorder (what it impacts in body) - causes by which virus?

Answer 31

chronic progressive myelopathy - upper motor neuron weakness, bladder disturbance, variable sensory loss, all the way to loss of walking

Question 32

Marcus Gunn Pupil - describe what you see - what is caused by

Answer 32

relative afferent pupillary defect, when the light is on the normal eye both eyes constricts, when the light is on affected eye there is lesser constriction with an initial dilation optic neuritis often in MS

Question 33

inclusion body myositis - features

Answer 33

most common myositis in older adults impacts men more than women impacts strength in distal muscles of arms and legs - wrist and finger and quadricepts

Question 34

dopaminergic activity in which brain structure is linked w/ tourette's

Answer 34

CAUDATE Nucleus - regulate motor activity by determining which motor acts get out

Question 35

what does muscle denervation look like on EMG?

Answer 35

Fibrillation potentials

Question 36

which bacterial infection most commonly precedes GBS?

Answer 36

Campylobacter jejuni

Question 37

when is endartectomy indicated?

Answer 37

symptomatic ICA stenosis of 70-99%, symptomatic being TIA, amaurosis fugax

Question 38

Chiari Type I malformation - describe defect , and other associated findings

Answer 38

cerebellar tonsils below the level of the foramen magnum syringomyelia most common

Question 39

Chiari Type II defect and findings

Answer 39

defect involves caudal displacement of cerebellum AND medulla and fouth ventricle. It has typically has lumbar myelomeningocele

Question 40

papez circuit - connects what structures

Answer 40

hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, cortex, cingulate gyrus, mamillary bodies important in memory

Question 41

persistent vegetative state - what is still preserved? and what is lacking

Answer 41

sleep-wake cycle, eye track and swallowing can be preserved, and eye opening. no longer have responses to noxious stimuli and awareness of surroundings and absence of majority of cognitive function

Question 42

What is the injury in shaken baby syndrome?

Answer 42

typically involves intracranial, subarachnoid, and subdural hemorrhages, and can see retinal hemorrhages

Question 43

Which poisoning causes a blue line at gingival margin?

Answer 43

Lead poisoning

Question 44

features of lead poisoning

Answer 44

children can become encephalopathic, acute GI ilness, confusion, seizures, intracranial HTN in adults mostly motor neuropathy, wrist drop or food drop

Question 45

CJD eeg findings

Answer 45

periodic sharp wave complexes

Question 46

PLEDS on eeg are found in

Answer 46

HSV encephalitis, acute hemispheric stroke, tumors, abscesses,

Question 47

Epidural Hematomas are caused by damage to

Answer 47

middle meningeal artery

Question 48

What is prosopagnosia and what causes it?

Answer 48

inability to recognize familiar faces and caused by lesions in bilateral occipital temporal. It is associated w/ agraphia and achromatopsia

Question 49

opsoclonus-myoclonus is most often caused by what in infants?

Answer 49

neuroblastoma

Question 50

What is ramsay hunt and what nerves does it impact?

Answer 50

ramsay hunt is a herpetic cranial neuritis (facial palsy, vertigo, hearing loss) that affects facial and acoustic nerves. caused by varicella zoster

Question 51

most common tumor primary brain tumor in patients over age 60

Answer 51

glioblastoma multiforme

Question 52

What is Anton's syndrome and what causes it?

Answer 52

Anton's syndrome is considered to be cortical blindness, localizes to bilateral occiptal lobes. PAtient's deny that they are blind and they confabulate and patients can also suffer from visual hallucinations

Question 53

Riluzole affects which neurotransmitter and is used in the treatment of what illness?

Answer 53

glutamate antagonist | used in ALS

Question 54

What is the most frequent opportunistic CNS infection in AIDS patients?

Answer 54

CNS Toxoplasmosis

Question 55

What is vacuolar myelopathy

Answer 55

most common spinal cord pathology in AIDs patients clinical picture - spasticity, gait instability, lower extremity weakness, loss of proprioception & vibration sensation and sphincter dysfunction

Question 56

Bulint syndrome is a stroke syndrome resulting from ischemia in what brain region

Answer 56

parietal- occiptal - | ocular apraxia, optic ataxia