Neuro Flashcards by Gaetana DAuria

sensory overload

personable unable to process or manage intensity or quantity of incoming sensory stimuli; feeling out of control and overwhelmed

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sensory deprivation

not enough stimulation

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physiologic factors affecting function (9)

blood flow
Nutr, 
fluid/electrolyte balance
sleep and rest
self concept
infection
degenerative processes
pharmacologic agents
head trauma

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environmental stimuli include:

amount-incr or decr
emotional stress or physical discomfort –> disorganized thinking, memory, impairment, and poor judgement (THINK ABOUT TAKING A TEST)
-UNFAMILIAR environments can affect basic cognitive processes of ORIENTATION and AROUSAL

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what condition can cause confusion

UTI in elderly

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cranial nerve one

olfactory; one nose

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cranial nerve 2 and assessment

optic, 2 eyes; snellen chart

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cranial nerve 3 and assessment

oculomotor; six cardinal locations with pen

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cranial nerve 4

trochlear- lateral and downward movement of eye; pen following movement

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cranial nerve 5

trigeminal- sensation of cornea, skin of face, nasal mucosa; sensation above eye, cheek and chin

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cranial nerve 6

abducens- lateral movement of eyeball; pen movement

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cranial nerve 7

facial expression, taste; can they make certain facial expressions?

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cranial nerve 9

glossopharyngeal-taste and movement of tongue; assess for uvula and gag reflex

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cranial nerve 8

vestibulocochlear nerve-auditory; Rinne (behind ear) and Weber (forehead), whisper test

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cranial nerve 10

vagus-swallowing

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cranial nerve 11

accessory-shoulder and neck movement; ask to shrug and look side to side, up and down

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cranial nerve 12

hypoglossal-tongue position; move tongue side to side and stick out

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alzheimer’s

a disease process, dementia is a symptom

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glasgow coma scores

mild: 13-15
moderate: 9-12
severe: 3-8
* the lower it is, the more severe

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risk identification

physiologic, psychologic, environmental

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peception

internal and external sensations are received, organized and interpreted. receive sensory input and transform it to something meaningful

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impaired thought processes 4

delirium (acute confusion)
dementia (chronic irreversible confusion)
depression
altered level of arousal/consciousness

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different types of aphasia

Expressive (Broca ), Receptive (Wernicke), global

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dysarthria

mechanics of forming words

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assessment of mental status, look at: 6

consciousness and cognition, attention, behavior, thought process, speech patterns

assessment of musculoskeletal system 4

mobility, strength, coordination, reflexes

info should be gathered about the patient's usual

sensory, cognitive, neuro function and its impact

Types: level of consciousness (6)

hypervigilant, alert, lethargic, obtunded (similar to lethargy), semi coma, coma

Pfeiffer mental status

provide an objective assessment of cognition

pfeiffer score

<7 indicates cog impairment

Mini-Mental State exam

provide an objective assessment of cognition

mini mental state exam score

20 or less, significant cognitive impairment

glasgow coma scale

to provide an objective assessment of consciousness

PERRLA and cranial nerves

3, 4, and 6; pupils equal in size round react to light, accommodation

normal pattens with accommodation: close and distances

close: converge and constrict distance: straight and dilate

reflex arc

bypasses brain, goes to spinal cord and comes back, affects motor pathway

cerebellar function looks at

gait, Romberg test, finger to nose, rapid alternating movements

nurse needs to reorient patient to

person, place, time, situation

Considerations of aging 6

loss of neurons, slower nerve conduction and slower motor system decreased cerebral blood flow, decreased renal function

paresis

weak movement, muscular weakness

tic

twitch

spaticity

sudden involuntary movement

ataxia

impaired coordination

flaccidity

no muscle tone

stroke: feeling

numbness or weakness of face, arm or leg, esp unilateral

stroke- speaking

sudden trouble speaking or understanding

stroke-vision

sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes

stroke-Trouble with coordination

sudden trouble walking, dizziness or loss of balance or coordination

stroke- head

sudden severe headache with no known cause

BE FAST

balance, eyes, facial (drooping), arm (weakness or drift), speech, time*

what kind of stroke can we treat and how

can treat ischemic- give clot buster to dissolve and restore perfusion

modifiable risk factors for stroke (11)

high BP, high cholesterol, DM, AFIB, carotid stenosis, atherosclerosis, Tobacco, physical inactivity, obesity, excessive alcohol, illegal drug NARROWING, BL VESSEL DAMAGE, HEART ISSUE, SMOKING, SEDENTARY, NUTR, LIFESTYLE

non modifiable risk factors for stroke

increasing age, gender (male), family history, prior stroke or TIA, Race (Af Am, hispanic or asian at higher risk)

do NOT want clot buster for

hemorrhagic stroke

Aspiration precautions

-swallowing assessment, thicker liquid, avoid straws, small bites, no speaking while eating, high fowler's, place food on unaffected

seizures

sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain

seizures can occur

at any time due to epilepsy, fever or a variety of med problems

Cranial nerve pneumonic

``` OH: OLFACTORY OH: OPTIC OH:OCULOMOTOR TO: TROCHLEAR TAKE: TRIGEMINAL A: ABDUCENS FAMILY: FACIAL VACATION: VESTIBULAR GO: GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL VEGAS: VAGUS SPAIN: SPINAL ACCESSORY? HAWAII: HYPOGLOSSAL ```

Cranial nerves sensory, motor or both pneumonic

SOME SAY MONEY MATTERS BUT MY BROTHER SAYS BIG BRAINS MATTER MORE

neurologic recheck (5)

``` Level of consciousness (LOC) MOTOR function PUPILLARY response vital signs Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) ```

focus on avoiding what sensory issue with unfamiliar procedures

sensory overload when unfamiliar procedures are taking place

seizure- what to have at bedside table (4)

- oxygen - oral airway - suction equipment - padding for side rails

seizure -do NOT

do not put anything in mouth

if someone is in bed and having a seizure, what do you do

put the bed rails up

if patient have seizure in chair, what should u do (6)

``` lower to floor or bed protect head remove furniture put on side with head slightly flexed forward loosen clothes ```

post seizure assessment

- assess MENTAL STATUS - oxygenation saturation - vital signs - explain what happened and provide comfort - quiet environment

Assessment: normal pattern identification

CONSCIOUSness Level of ATTENTION and DISTRACTION Ability to use LANGUAGE MEMORY

Which is longer: air or bone conduction

Air conduction