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Fundamentals > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

sensory overload

A

personable unable to process or manage intensity or quantity of incoming sensory stimuli; feeling out of control and overwhelmed

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2
Q

sensory deprivation

A

not enough stimulation

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3
Q

physiologic factors affecting function (9)

A 
blood flow
Nutr, 
fluid/electrolyte balance
sleep and rest
self concept
infection
degenerative processes
pharmacologic agents
head trauma
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4
Q

environmental stimuli include:

A

amount-incr or decr
emotional stress or physical discomfort –> disorganized thinking, memory, impairment, and poor judgement (THINK ABOUT TAKING A TEST)
-UNFAMILIAR environments can affect basic cognitive processes of ORIENTATION and AROUSAL

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5
Q

what condition can cause confusion

A

UTI in elderly

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6
Q

cranial nerve one

A

olfactory; one nose

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7
Q

cranial nerve 2 and assessment

A

optic, 2 eyes; snellen chart

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8
Q

cranial nerve 3 and assessment

A

oculomotor; six cardinal locations with pen

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9
Q

cranial nerve 4

A

trochlear- lateral and downward movement of eye; pen following movement

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10
Q

cranial nerve 5

A

trigeminal- sensation of cornea, skin of face, nasal mucosa; sensation above eye, cheek and chin

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11
Q

cranial nerve 6

A

abducens- lateral movement of eyeball; pen movement

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12
Q

cranial nerve 7

A

facial expression, taste; can they make certain facial expressions?

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13
Q

cranial nerve 9

A

glossopharyngeal-taste and movement of tongue; assess for uvula and gag reflex

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14
Q

cranial nerve 8

A

vestibulocochlear nerve-auditory; Rinne (behind ear) and Weber (forehead), whisper test

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15
Q

cranial nerve 10

A

vagus-swallowing

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16
Q

cranial nerve 11

A

accessory-shoulder and neck movement; ask to shrug and look side to side, up and down

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17
Q

cranial nerve 12

A

hypoglossal-tongue position; move tongue side to side and stick out

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18
Q

alzheimer’s

A

a disease process, dementia is a symptom

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19
Q

glasgow coma scores

A

mild: 13-15
moderate: 9-12
severe: 3-8
* the lower it is, the more severe

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20
Q

risk identification

A

physiologic, psychologic, environmental

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21
Q

peception

A

internal and external sensations are received, organized and interpreted. receive sensory input and transform it to something meaningful

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22
Q

impaired thought processes 4

A
  • delirium (acute confusion)
  • dementia (chronic irreversible confusion)
  • depression
  • altered level of arousal/consciousness
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23
Q

different types of aphasia

A

Expressive (Broca ), Receptive (Wernicke), global

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24
Q

dysarthria

A

mechanics of forming words

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25
Q

assessment of mental status, look at: 6

A

consciousness and cognition, attention, behavior, thought process, speech patterns

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26
Q

assessment of musculoskeletal system 4

A

mobility, strength, coordination, reflexes

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27
Q

info should be gathered about the patient’s usual

A

sensory, cognitive, neuro function and its impact

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28
Q

Types: level of consciousness (6)

A

hypervigilant, alert, lethargic, obtunded (similar to lethargy), semi coma, coma

29
Q

Pfeiffer mental status

A

provide an objective assessment of cognition

30
Q

pfeiffer score

A

<7 indicates cog impairment

31
Q

Mini-Mental State exam

A

provide an objective assessment of cognition

32
Q

mini mental state exam score

A

20 or less, significant cognitive impairment

33
Q

glasgow coma scale

A

to provide an objective assessment of consciousness

34
Q

PERRLA and cranial nerves

A

3, 4, and 6; pupils equal in size round react to light, accommodation

35
Q

normal pattens with accommodation: close and distances

A

close: converge and constrict
distance: straight and dilate

36
Q

reflex arc

A

bypasses brain, goes to spinal cord and comes back, affects motor pathway

37
Q

cerebellar function looks at

A

gait, Romberg test, finger to nose, rapid alternating movements

38
Q

nurse needs to reorient patient to

A

person, place, time, situation

39
Q

Considerations of aging 6

A

loss of neurons,
slower nerve conduction and slower motor system
decreased cerebral blood flow, decreased renal function

40
Q

paresis

A

weak movement, muscular weakness

41
Q

tic

A

twitch

42
Q

spaticity

A

sudden involuntary movement

43
Q

ataxia

A

impaired coordination

44
Q

flaccidity

A

no muscle tone

45
Q

stroke: feeling

A

numbness or weakness of face, arm or leg, esp unilateral

46
Q

stroke- speaking

A

sudden trouble speaking or understanding

47
Q

stroke-vision

A

sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes

48
Q

stroke-Trouble with coordination

A

sudden trouble walking, dizziness or loss of balance or coordination

49
Q

stroke- head

A

sudden severe headache with no known cause

50
Q

BE FAST

A

balance, eyes, facial (drooping), arm (weakness or drift), speech, time*

51
Q

what kind of stroke can we treat and how

A

can treat ischemic- give clot buster to dissolve and restore perfusion

52
Q

modifiable risk factors for stroke (11)

A

high BP, high cholesterol, DM, AFIB, carotid stenosis, atherosclerosis, Tobacco, physical inactivity, obesity, excessive alcohol, illegal drug

NARROWING, BL VESSEL DAMAGE, HEART ISSUE, SMOKING, SEDENTARY, NUTR, LIFESTYLE

53
Q

non modifiable risk factors for stroke

A

increasing age, gender (male), family history, prior stroke or TIA, Race (Af Am, hispanic or asian at higher risk)

54
Q

do NOT want clot buster for

A

hemorrhagic stroke

55
Q

Aspiration precautions

A

-swallowing assessment, thicker liquid, avoid straws, small bites, no speaking while eating, high fowler’s, place food on unaffected

56
Q

seizures

A

sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain

57
Q

seizures can occur

A

at any time due to epilepsy, fever or a variety of med problems

58
Q

Cranial nerve pneumonic

A 
OH: OLFACTORY
OH: OPTIC
OH:OCULOMOTOR
TO: TROCHLEAR
TAKE: TRIGEMINAL
A: ABDUCENS
FAMILY: FACIAL
VACATION: VESTIBULAR
GO: GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL
VEGAS: VAGUS 
SPAIN: SPINAL ACCESSORY?
HAWAII: HYPOGLOSSAL
59
Q

Cranial nerves sensory, motor or both pneumonic

A

SOME SAY MONEY MATTERS BUT MY BROTHER SAYS BIG BRAINS MATTER MORE

60
Q

neurologic recheck (5)

A 
Level of consciousness (LOC)
MOTOR function
PUPILLARY response
vital signs
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)
61
Q

focus on avoiding what sensory issue with unfamiliar procedures

A

sensory overload when unfamiliar procedures are taking place

62
Q

seizure- what to have at bedside table (4)

A
  • oxygen
  • oral airway
  • suction equipment
  • padding for side rails
63
Q

seizure -do NOT

A

do not put anything in mouth

64
Q

if someone is in bed and having a seizure, what do you do

A

put the bed rails up

65
Q

if patient have seizure in chair, what should u do (6)

A 
lower to floor or bed
 protect head
remove furniture
put on side with head slightly flexed forward
loosen clothes
66
Q

post seizure assessment

A
  • assess MENTAL STATUS
  • oxygenation saturation
  • vital signs
  • explain what happened and provide comfort
  • quiet environment
67
Q

Assessment: normal pattern identification

A

CONSCIOUSness
Level of ATTENTION and DISTRACTION
Ability to use LANGUAGE
MEMORY

68
Q

Which is longer: air or bone conduction

A

Air conduction

Fundamentals (5 decks)

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