Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Fundamentals > Cardiac > Flashcards

Cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

function of cardiovascular system

A

transport system: oxygen and nutrients to cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where does the impulse/conduction come from

A

SA node, info from autonomic NS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

if there is a “short” in the system, what could occur

A

arrhythmia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

obstruction in heart results

A

ischemia, possible MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cardiac output

A

amount of blood pumped by heart each minute, focus on L ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

L ventricle is the

A

workforce of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

stroke volume depends on: accommodation, contraction, and resistance

A
  • accomodation of incoming blood volume by heart
  • contractility of heart muscle
  • resistance to blood flow in circulatory system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

lifespan consideration

A

age and disease-induced CV system changes–> decreased activity tolerance and decreased endurance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

age and lifestyle factors may contribute to the processes

A

of calcification, fatty degeneration, and diminished elasticity of the blood vessels —> higher BP, decr CO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

factors affecting cardiovascular function (11)

A

-cigarettes, High BP, Nutr, sedentary, DM, obesity, family history, meds, stress, personality, community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

issues with smoking

A

vasoconstriction, damage intima of arteries, results in calcification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

activity as age

A

decrease, which decreased endurance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Manifestations of altered CV function

A
  • changes in vitals
  • changes in skin
  • decreased CO
  • alterations in the blood vessels
  • decreased tissue perfusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

changes in the skin include

A

color, temp, skin breakdown, look at mucous membranes, nail beds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

decreased CO due to

A

muscle damage, valve dysfunction, conduction problems, SOB (remember C for conduction, also issue with heart can’t pump properly)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

alterations in blood vessels

A

arterial, capillary and venous dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

decreased tissue perfusion due to

A

fatigue, pain, organ dysfunction, limited ROM in extremities from edema or ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

obesity and specific area

A

people who carry weight around the abdomen are at higher risk for CV problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

normal pattern looks at

A

activity tolerance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

risk identification

A

past CV conditions, current meds, risk factors, metabolic syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

women and men in regards to MI

A

present differently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

women presentations for MI,

A

nausea, fatigue, abdominal/back pain, *chest pain isn’t normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

men symptoms of MI

A

chest pressure, arm/jaw pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

HDL and LDL

A

good vs bad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

triglycerides due

A

high sugars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

HTN tricks kidneys

A

to hold onto fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

total cholesterol

A

LDL and HDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

dysfunction identification

A

chest pain or leg pain due activity level associated with pain and other associated subjective complaints, stroke screening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

clubbing

A

bulby fingers/toes due to chronic hypoxia, dilated vessels

30
Q

how to increase HDL

A

with activity

31
Q

inspection: behavior

A

general behavior, cognition, LOC

32
Q

distended jugular veins

A

could be cause heart not working properly; related to CHF and fluid overload

33
Q

inspection and breathing issues

A

dyspnea, orthopnea, cough

34
Q

inspection of skin (7)

A

cyanosis, mucous membranes, clubbing, capillary refill <3, edema in legs (could be indicative of vascular disease or heart failure), varicosities, ulcerations

35
Q

carotid arteries-what to do

A

palpate and auscultate (with bell)

36
Q

bruit

A

turbulence due to narrowing

37
Q

thrill

A

vibrations, buzzing

38
Q

where do we hear murmurs

A

4-5th intercostal space

39
Q

valves: aortic, pulmonic, murmurs, tricuspid, mitral– where to find

A

-2nd R intercostal space; 2nd L
-Erb’s point (3rd intercostal);
4th intercostal (L);
5th intercostal space and midclavicular

40
Q

base and apex

A

top, bottom

41
Q

S1, S2

A

lub (apex- on bottom, tricuspid and mitral), dub (top, aortic and pulmonic)

42
Q

S3

A

hear early in diastole filling, right after S2

43
Q

S4

A

right before S1

44
Q

split sounds

A

ventricles sounds off a little, one before the other instead of together

45
Q

what are we looking for when we auscultate the carotid arteries

A

bruit

46
Q

claudication

A

not enough arterial circulation, warning something is going to happen; in leg and Can cause ischemia

47
Q

venous insufficiency

A

decreased venous return causing increased pressure in veins

48
Q

risk factors for venous insufficiency (6)

A

varicose veins, imcompetent valves, DVT, immobility, obesity and pregnancy

49
Q

characteristics of venous insufficiency

A

aching pain in lower extremeties; relieved with elevation

50
Q

arterial insufficiency

A

insufficient blood supply to area causing ischemia and necrosis

51
Q

arterial insufficiency risk factors

A

atherosclerosis or DM

52
Q

arterial insufficiency characteristics of lower extremities

A

cool to touch, diminished pulse, pallor

53
Q

arterial ulcer characteristics

A

smooth edges, shiny, thin, hairless, pale

54
Q

where would we see arterial ulces

A

tips of toes, lateral malleolus

55
Q

pulses in feet

A

posterior tibialis, dorsalis pedis

56
Q

pulses grading

A

0-absent, 1- weak/faint, 2-normal

57
Q

5 P’s

A

pain, pallor, parestesia, pulse and paralysis

58
Q

parastesia

A

get vey cold and start to warm up-feel tingly, prickling

59
Q

lower extremity edema related to

A

poor circulation due to incompetent valves, heart failure

60
Q

health promotion to prevent venous stasis

A

leg exercises, applying anti embolism stockings, anticoagulation prophylaxis

61
Q

Biggest health care concern

A

DVT-deep vein thrombosis

62
Q

edema reduction

A

elevation of limbs, reduce sodium, fluid restriction, daily weights

63
Q

VTE bundle: definition

A

uses non/pharmacologic measures to decrease the risk of developing DVT, several evidence based practices, standard across country

64
Q

VTE- what’s involved

A

anti-clotting meds, mechanic device (muscle pump), nonpharmacologic- sequential or TED socks

65
Q

pooling of blood-biggest issue

A

can lead to venous thrombosis, generally around valve; those can dislodge/embolize to lung, pulm embolism,

66
Q

PE and death

A

clot to pulm artery–immediate death;

67
Q

how can we get rid of PE

A

thread catheter and infuse clot buster and restore circulation

68
Q

predisposition to DVT

A

stasis, bed rest, hypercoagulable (cancer), endothelial damag

69
Q

heart works harder in what position

A

supine than upright

70
Q

hypertrophy and affect on heart

A

pump against too much resistance

Fundamentals (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions