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Miscellaneous Flashcards

1
Q

herniation

A

intestines coming through break in muscle wall

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2
Q

self testicular exam

A
  • Start: 17-18yr till 40yr
  • after warm shower
  • hold testicles in hand and thumb
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3
Q

self breast exam

A
  • start: 25yr
  • 7 to 10 days after menses
  • after warm shower
  • should be fairly equal
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4
Q

SBE: positioning

A

-arms up, down, go to hips

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5
Q

SBE changes

A

-changes: lumps, dimpling, discharge (from nipple)

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6
Q

SBE palpations

A

palpation: sternum to mid axially, clavicle to below ribs
- divide into 4 quadrants
- 2 fingers, size of dime, little circle, continuous

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7
Q

self testicular exam- actual process

A
  • palpate-should be soft and smooth
  • problem: lump, bump, pain
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8
Q

prevalence of breast cancer

A

1 in 8 women or 12%; men can get too

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9
Q

post mortem care main points

A

treat with respect and dignity
honor the person’s wishes and family’s desires
-different procedures

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10
Q

triglycerides are influenced by

A

alcohol, activity and glucose

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11
Q

glucose in and out and arteries

A

could harden coronary arteries, narrowing

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12
Q

what to look at when assessing wound

A
  • exudate
  • size
  • dressing (seepage)
  • concerns: pus, too much blood
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13
Q

prolapse of ostomy

A

protrude 3 inches

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14
Q

protrusion and ostomy

A

a little protrusion is normal

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15
Q

when would a suprapubic catheter be used

A

-no urethra, goes into bladder

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16
Q

telltale of CHF

A

CRACKLES (C for CHF)

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17
Q

common HAI

A
  • pneumonia
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18
Q

joint commission is responsible for writing

A

national patient safety goals

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19
Q

NYS department of health

A

patient safety handling act

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20
Q

I PASS the BATON

A
  • INTRO
  • PATIENT
  • ASSESSMENT
  • SITUATION
  • SAFETY CONCERNS
  • BACKGROUND
  • ACTIONS
  • TIMING
  • OWNERSHIP
  • NEXT
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21
Q

CHAIN OF INFECTION

A

INFECTIOUS AGENT → SOURCE/RESERVOIR -→ PORTAL OF EXIT → MODE OF TRANSMISSION -→ PORTAL OF EXTRY -→ SUSCEPTIBLE HOST

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22
Q

when do we NOT use hand sanitizer

A

C. Diff

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23
Q

why is hand hygiene important

A

1 way to prevent infection spread

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24
Q

sterile

A

KILLS everything, not like disinfections

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25
quarantine vs isolation
don't know if have, prevent movement -have disease and stay away, want to be isolated so don't contaminate
26
airborne precautions
requires respirator (N95), door must be closed, (think flying in air)
27
droplet precautions
need surgical mask
28
progression of an infection
incubation (exposure, think infection), prodromal, acute (full blow S&S), convalescent (go away)
29
PQRSTU
P: Provocative or Palliative: what makes it better or worse Q: Quality or Quantity-feel like R: REgion or Radiation S: Severity (Wong Baker) T: Timing -onset, duration and frequency U- Understand Patient's perception
30
afebrile
normal body temp
31
core temp
internal body temp (CORE of body, inner)
32
stridor
a HARSH INSPIRATORY sound due to OBSTRUCTION that may be compared to crowing
33
adult/older adult ranges for pulse, respirations, systolic, diastolic, temp
PULSE: 60-100 RR: 12-20, OLDER ADULT-16-25 SYSTOLIC/DIASTOLIC: 90-120/60-80 TEMP: A-97-99, OA: 95-99
34
orthostatic hypotension
SYSTOLIC: drop of at least 25mm Hg DIASTOLIC: drop of at least 10mmHg HR: incr at least 10BPM
35
symptoms of orthostatic hypotension
weakness, dizziness, blurred vision and/or syncope
36
foot drop
temporary or permanent plantar flexion due to weakness or paralysis
37
factors affecting mobility
- lifestyle and habits - circulation and oxygenation - energy - affective disorders - therapeutic modalities
38
what are some things that would make someone prone to falls
- lack of coordination - altered gait - chronic illness - impaired vision
39
SKIN: Heat application
-vasodilation -incr blood flow -decr inflammation -decrease viscosity
40
Cold application
-decr metabolic demands of area -vasoconstriction -controls bleeding -decr edema -relieve pain
41
Cold is best for what type of patient
Those who can communicate
42
Cold and heat are not good for people who
Do not have good circulation Do not feel sensation
43
Examples of when to use heat
-back pain, menstrual cramps, phlebitis, arthritis
44
Examples for cold application
-sprains, sport injuries, musculoskeletal, fracture
45
Physical assessment of wounds: look at
Type, location, size, classification, approximation
46
Physical assessment of wounds: drainage
Amount and type
47
Physical assessment of wounds: presence of, function of
Presence of: undermining, sinus tract, dead space, tunneling Presence and function of tubes or drains Presence of infection
48
Physical assessment of wounds: condition and feeling
Condition of peri wounds/surrounding skin Pain
49
Palpation of skin
TURGOR Texture and thickness Moisture: diaphoresis or dehydration Swelling (reaction to trauma) vs edema (more chronic, hemostasis, CHF)
50
Lacking nutrients: hair
Protein
51
Lacking nutrients: skin
Vitamin K
52
Lacking nutrients for skin in terms of wound healing
Vitamin C and protein
53
Lacking nutrients: gums
Vitamin c
54
Lacking nutrients: muscles; lack of growth
Protein; protein and calories
55
Lacking nutrients: skeletal
Calcium Vitamin D Vitamin C Protein
56
Lacking nutrients: mental
Thiamin, niacin, B complex
57
Signs of lacking nutrients: hair
Thin, coarse, lacking luster, breaks easily
58
Signs of lacking nutrients: skin- (Vit K)
Excessive bruising, bleeding (elderly have excessive bruising as normal tho)
59
Signs of lacking nutrients: skin healing
Pressure sores, poor wound healing
60
Signs of lacking nutrients: gums
Swollen, bleeding
61
Signs of lacking nutrients: muscles and growth
Wasting Lack of growth
62
Signs of lacking nutrients: skeletal
Poor posture Painful joints Bowed legs Incr in bone fractures
63
Signs of lacking nutrients: mental
Confusion, motor weakness
64
NUTRITION: parenteral nutrition-why
GI does NOT work Cannot physically/psychologically consume orally or enterally
65
Parenteral solution contains
Dextrose (carbs) Amino acids (protein) Lipids (fat) Electrolytes, vitamins, mineral
66
Two types of parenteral nutrition
Total and peripheral (TPN, PPN
67
Parenteral: TPN vs PPN-nutritionally complete?
TPN: nutritionally complete PPN: not nutritionally complete
68
Parenteral: TPN vs PPN-calories
\>2000 vs \<2000
69
Parenteral: TPN vs PPN-administration
Central vs peripheral (arm)
70
Parenteral: TPN vs PPN-indication
-caloric needs very higher, \>7days -short term, nutritional support fewer calories per day
71
Parenteral: TPN vs PPN-type of solution
-hypertonic (central is larger vein so not subject to caustic nature) vs isotonic
72
Parenteral: TPN vs PPN-components (dextrose and amino acids)
\> 10% dextrose, \>5% amino acids No more than 10% dextrose and 5% amino acids
73
What to assess for with parenteral nutrition
-site for infection, thrombophlebitis -fluid overload, air embolism
74
parenteral nutrition: monitor
I&O, daily weight, lab work daily
75
parenteral nutrition-do NOT add
Meds or solutions
76
Ex of enteral
Tube, PEG, through GI
77
Where is the PICC
Subclavian and vena cava
78
Signs of infiltration
Swelling, coolness, balancing
79
Signs of phlebitis
Pain, warmth, redness
80
What to do with infiltration to fix the problem
Discontinue IV and start over, warm compress to decr swelling
81
What do you do when there are signs of phlebitis
Discontinue IV, and start over Warm soaks to decr discomfort
82
Signs of infection (local)
Redness, warmth and purulent
83
What do you do when there are signs of infection
Discontinue and start over
84
Guy who walks to the train station and has intermittent claudication has
PVD
85
Osteoporosis prevention
Vit D, calcium, weight bearing exercise (anaerobic)

Fundamentals (5 decks)

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