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Fundamentals > Miscellaneous > Flashcards

Miscellaneous Flashcards

1
Q

herniation

A

intestines coming through break in muscle wall

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2
Q

self testicular exam

A
  • Start: 17-18yr till 40yr
  • after warm shower
  • hold testicles in hand and thumb
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3
Q

self breast exam

A
  • start: 25yr
  • 7 to 10 days after menses
  • after warm shower
  • should be fairly equal
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4
Q

SBE: positioning

A

-arms up, down, go to hips

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5
Q

SBE changes

A

-changes: lumps, dimpling, discharge (from nipple)

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6
Q

SBE palpations

A

palpation: sternum to mid axially, clavicle to below ribs
- divide into 4 quadrants
- 2 fingers, size of dime, little circle, continuous

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7
Q

self testicular exam- actual process

A
  • palpate-should be soft and smooth
  • problem: lump, bump, pain
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8
Q

prevalence of breast cancer

A

1 in 8 women or 12%; men can get too

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9
Q

post mortem care main points

A

treat with respect and dignity
honor the person’s wishes and family’s desires
-different procedures

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10
Q

triglycerides are influenced by

A

alcohol, activity and glucose

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11
Q

glucose in and out and arteries

A

could harden coronary arteries, narrowing

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12
Q

what to look at when assessing wound

A
  • exudate
  • size
  • dressing (seepage)
  • concerns: pus, too much blood
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13
Q

prolapse of ostomy

A

protrude 3 inches

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14
Q

protrusion and ostomy

A

a little protrusion is normal

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15
Q

when would a suprapubic catheter be used

A

-no urethra, goes into bladder

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16
Q

telltale of CHF

A

CRACKLES (C for CHF)

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17
Q

common HAI

A
  • pneumonia
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18
Q

joint commission is responsible for writing

A

national patient safety goals

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19
Q

NYS department of health

A

patient safety handling act

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20
Q

I PASS the BATON

A
  • INTRO
  • PATIENT
  • ASSESSMENT
  • SITUATION
  • SAFETY CONCERNS
  • BACKGROUND
  • ACTIONS
  • TIMING
  • OWNERSHIP
  • NEXT
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21
Q

CHAIN OF INFECTION

A

INFECTIOUS AGENT → SOURCE/RESERVOIR -→ PORTAL OF EXIT → MODE OF TRANSMISSION -→ PORTAL OF EXTRY -→ SUSCEPTIBLE HOST

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22
Q

when do we NOT use hand sanitizer

A

C. Diff

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23
Q

why is hand hygiene important

A

1 way to prevent infection spread

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24
Q

sterile

A

KILLS everything, not like disinfections

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25
Q

quarantine vs isolation

A

don’t know if have, prevent movement

-have disease and stay away, want to be isolated so don’t contaminate

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26
Q

airborne precautions

A

requires respirator (N95), door must be closed, (think flying in air)

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27
Q

droplet precautions

A

need surgical mask

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28
Q

progression of an infection

A

incubation (exposure, think infection), prodromal, acute (full blow S&S), convalescent (go away)

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29
Q

PQRSTU

A

P: Provocative or Palliative: what makes it better or worse

Q: Quality or Quantity-feel like

R: REgion or Radiation

S: Severity (Wong Baker)

T: Timing -onset, duration and frequency

U- Understand Patient’s perception

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30
Q

afebrile

A

normal body temp

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31
Q

core temp

A

internal body temp (CORE of body, inner)

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32
Q

stridor

A

a HARSH INSPIRATORY sound due to OBSTRUCTION that may be compared to crowing

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33
Q

adult/older adult ranges for pulse, respirations, systolic, diastolic, temp

A

PULSE: 60-100

RR: 12-20, OLDER ADULT-16-25

SYSTOLIC/DIASTOLIC: 90-120/60-80

TEMP: A-97-99, OA: 95-99

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34
Q

orthostatic hypotension

A

SYSTOLIC: drop of at least 25mm Hg

DIASTOLIC: drop of at least 10mmHg

HR: incr at least 10BPM

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35
Q

symptoms of orthostatic hypotension

A

weakness, dizziness, blurred vision and/or syncope

36
Q

foot drop

A

temporary or permanent plantar flexion due to weakness or paralysis

37
Q

factors affecting mobility

A
  • lifestyle and habits
  • circulation and oxygenation
  • energy
  • affective disorders
  • therapeutic modalities
38
Q

what are some things that would make someone prone to falls

A
  • lack of coordination
  • altered gait
  • chronic illness
  • impaired vision
39
Q

SKIN: Heat application

A

-vasodilation -incr blood flow -decr inflammation -decrease viscosity

40
Q

Cold application

A

-decr metabolic demands of area -vasoconstriction -controls bleeding -decr edema -relieve pain

41
Q

Cold is best for what type of patient

A

Those who can communicate

42
Q

Cold and heat are not good for people who

A

Do not have good circulation Do not feel sensation

43
Q

Examples of when to use heat

A

-back pain, menstrual cramps, phlebitis, arthritis

44
Q

Examples for cold application

A

-sprains, sport injuries, musculoskeletal, fracture

45
Q

Physical assessment of wounds: look at

A

Type, location, size, classification, approximation

46
Q

Physical assessment of wounds: drainage

A

Amount and type

47
Q

Physical assessment of wounds: presence of, function of

A

Presence of: undermining, sinus tract, dead space, tunneling Presence and function of tubes or drains Presence of infection

48
Q

Physical assessment of wounds: condition and feeling

A

Condition of peri wounds/surrounding skin Pain

49
Q

Palpation of skin

A

TURGOR Texture and thickness Moisture: diaphoresis or dehydration Swelling (reaction to trauma) vs edema (more chronic, hemostasis, CHF)

50
Q

Lacking nutrients: hair

A

Protein

51
Q

Lacking nutrients: skin

A

Vitamin K

52
Q

Lacking nutrients for skin in terms of wound healing

A

Vitamin C and protein

53
Q

Lacking nutrients: gums

A

Vitamin c

54
Q

Lacking nutrients: muscles; lack of growth

A

Protein; protein and calories

55
Q

Lacking nutrients: skeletal

A

Calcium Vitamin D Vitamin C Protein

56
Q

Lacking nutrients: mental

A

Thiamin, niacin, B complex

57
Q

Signs of lacking nutrients: hair

A

Thin, coarse, lacking luster, breaks easily

58
Q

Signs of lacking nutrients: skin- (Vit K)

A

Excessive bruising, bleeding (elderly have excessive bruising as normal tho)

59
Q

Signs of lacking nutrients: skin healing

A

Pressure sores, poor wound healing

60
Q

Signs of lacking nutrients: gums

A

Swollen, bleeding

61
Q

Signs of lacking nutrients: muscles and growth

A

Wasting Lack of growth

62
Q

Signs of lacking nutrients: skeletal

A

Poor posture Painful joints Bowed legs Incr in bone fractures

63
Q

Signs of lacking nutrients: mental

A

Confusion, motor weakness

64
Q

NUTRITION: parenteral nutrition-why

A

GI does NOT work Cannot physically/psychologically consume orally or enterally

65
Q

Parenteral solution contains

A

Dextrose (carbs) Amino acids (protein) Lipids (fat) Electrolytes, vitamins, mineral

66
Q

Two types of parenteral nutrition

A

Total and peripheral (TPN, PPN

67
Q

Parenteral: TPN vs PPN-nutritionally complete?

A

TPN: nutritionally complete PPN: not nutritionally complete

68
Q

Parenteral: TPN vs PPN-calories

A

>2000 vs <2000

69
Q

Parenteral: TPN vs PPN-administration

A

Central vs peripheral (arm)

70
Q

Parenteral: TPN vs PPN-indication

A

-caloric needs very higher, >7days -short term, nutritional support fewer calories per day

71
Q

Parenteral: TPN vs PPN-type of solution

A

-hypertonic (central is larger vein so not subject to caustic nature) vs isotonic

72
Q

Parenteral: TPN vs PPN-components (dextrose and amino acids)

A

> 10% dextrose, >5% amino acids No more than 10% dextrose and 5% amino acids

73
Q

What to assess for with parenteral nutrition

A

-site for infection, thrombophlebitis -fluid overload, air embolism

74
Q

parenteral nutrition: monitor

A

I&O, daily weight, lab work daily

75
Q

parenteral nutrition-do NOT add

A

Meds or solutions

76
Q

Ex of enteral

A

Tube, PEG, through GI

77
Q

Where is the PICC

A

Subclavian and vena cava

78
Q

Signs of infiltration

A

Swelling, coolness, balancing

79
Q

Signs of phlebitis

A

Pain, warmth, redness

80
Q

What to do with infiltration to fix the problem

A

Discontinue IV and start over, warm compress to decr swelling

81
Q

What do you do when there are signs of phlebitis

A

Discontinue IV, and start over Warm soaks to decr discomfort

82
Q

Signs of infection (local)

A

Redness, warmth and purulent

83
Q

What do you do when there are signs of infection

A

Discontinue and start over

84
Q

Guy who walks to the train station and has intermittent claudication has

A

PVD

85
Q

Osteoporosis prevention

A

Vit D, calcium, weight bearing exercise (anaerobic)

Fundamentals (5 decks)

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