Neuro Flashcards
1
Q
What type of headache presents as a unilateral throbbing pain?
A
Migraine
2
Q
Which type of migraine begins with an aura?
A
Classic migraine
3
Q
Which type of migraine begins with no aura?
A
Common migraine
4
Q
Peripheral vision occurs where?
A
Anterior occipital lobe
5
Q
Central vision occurs where?
A
Posterior occipital lobe
6
Q
T/F: Parkinson’s is due to low levels of dopamine
A
True
7
Q
A loss of dopamine may result in an excess of what neurotransmitter?
(Parkinson’s)
A
AcH
8
Q
Meds for treating Parkinson’s would act how on which neurotransmitters?
A
Increase dopamine or block effects of AcH
9
Q
Hypherphagia
A
Excessive hunger and eating
10
Q
Adipsia
A
Complete cessation of drinking
11
Q
Aphasia
A
Deficit in ability to use or comprehend language
12
Q
What is the most common anticholinergic side effect?
A
Blurred vision
13
Q
T/F: The effectiveness of thermal biofeedback as a treatment for migraine headaches is more effective than relaxation therapy?
A
True
14
Q
What are the earliest symptoms of Huntington’s Disease?
A
Affective changes (irritability, depression)
15
Q
Which neurotransmitter is most directly related to muscle movement?
A
AcH
16
Q
Broca’s is to expressive as Wernicke’s is to?
A
Receptive
17
Q
Alexia
A
Impaired reading
18
Q
Apraxia
A
Trouble executing purposeful movement
19
Q
Agnosia
- 2 types
A
Can’t recognize familiar objects
2 types: visual and tactile
20
Q
Anosognosia
A
Inability or unwillingness to recognize one’s own functional impairment
21
Q
Rods
A
Brightness
22
Q
Cones
A
Color
23
Q
Traditional antipsychotics primarily treat what symptoms?
A
Positive sxs
24
Q
Externality hypothesis
A
Obese people overeat because they are more sensitive to external cues than internal cues
Ex. Lighting at restaurant > food tasting good
25
Kluver-Bucy syndrome is the result of damage to what area of the brain?
Amygdala
26
Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome
| (3 phases)
Alarm, resistance, exhaustion
27
Lazarus’ 3 phases of cognitive appraisal
1. Primary (Stressful event)
2. Secondary (How will I cope?)
3. Reappraisal (Monitoring/adjusting)
28
Damage to right hemisphere
Indifference or exaggerated jocularity
29
Damage to left hemisphere
Depression
30
What theory of emotion proposes that all emotions will elicit a similar response?
Cannon-Bard
31
Schachter & Singer’s Theory of Emotion
Physical reaction > attribution
32
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Physiological arousal and emotion happen at the same time
33
James Lange Theory of Emotion
Physical sxs > emotion
Ex. You hear growling bear > heart begins to race > you are afraid
34
Clozapine (class)
Atypical antipsychotic
35
Amitriptyline (class)
TCA
36
Fluoxetine (class)
SSRI
37
Sertraline (class)
SSRI
38
Paroxetine (class)
SSRI
39
Difference between primary and complex emotions
Complex emotions involve self-awareness
40
Atomoxetine
- class
- treats what?
NRI (non-stimulant med)
Treats ADHD
41
Medial temporal area damage impact what?
Long-term memory
42
Conduction aphasia is due to damage where?
The nerve fibers connecting Broca’s to Wernicke’s
43
Conduction aphasia impacts what?
Repeating what is heard
44
Probability of a parent passing Huntington’s on to a child
50% chance
45
Parkinson’s = degeneration of neurons where?
Substantia nigra
46
What meds can be used to treat the tremors associated with lithium?
Beta blockers
47
Prosopagnosia
Can’t recognize familiar faces
48
Symptoms of tyramine-induced hypertensive crisis
Headache, stiff neck, sweating, nausea/vomiting
49
If a left hemisphere language dominant split-brain patient views something in her left visual field she will be…
Unable to say what she saw but point to it with her left hand
50
4 functions of hypothalamus
Fight, flight, feed, fornicate
51
Antagonist
Blocks or reduced effect of neurotransmitter
52
What part of the brain mediates aggressive responses?
Hypothalamus
53
Lesions in the medial hypothalamus have been associated with what?
Rage & aggression
54
What is the “satisfaction center” that mediates the feelings of satisfaction after eating and sex?
Cingulate gyrus
55
Hydrocephalus is associated with which structures?
Ventricles
56
Inverse agonist
Produces opposite effect of neurotransmitter
57
Agonist
Produced similar effect of neurotransmitter
58
The brain part or system that manages the circadian rhythm is located where?
SCN within the hypothalamus
59
The cingulate cortex plays a role in what behaviors?
Emotion and motivation
60
T/F: Testosterone increases sex drive in males only
False - it increases sex drive in males and females
61
Gerstmann’s syndrome is the result of lesions where?
Parietal lobe
62
Simultanagnosia
Can’t recognize 2+ things at same time
63
Depression and chronic pain are both associated with which neurotransmitter?
Norepinephrine
64
Huntington’s Disease is associated with low levels of which neurotransmitter?
GABA
65
Starvation in anorexia may be precipitated by high levels of which neurotransmitter?
Serotonin
66
TCAs primarily treat what type of depressive symptoms?
Vegetative
67
What is an endogenous opiate?
| -example
Produced inside the body
Ex. Endorphins
68
What side of the brain controls language?
Left side
69
How does hydrocephalus occur?
When the flow through the ventricles is blocked > produces pressure which caused brain damage and mental retardation
70
In most patients, the earliest signs of Huntington’s are?
Depression and forgetfulness
71
Which antidepressant is associated with the treatment of ADHD, enuresis, and decreasing the desire to binge and purge?
Imipramine
72
What imagine technique is most frequently used to detect brain damage in the early stages in the ER?
CT scan
73
Paresis
Partial paralysis
74
An overactive caudate nucleus has been linked to?
OCD
75
Atrophy of the caudate nucleus has been linked to?
Huntington’s
76
What type of medications are often used to control Tourette’s Disorder by impacting the dopamine level?
Antipsychotics
Ex. Haloperidol
77
T/F: Left-handers general exhibit milder aphasia
True
78
Principle of Equipotentiality
| (Lashley)
If certain parts of the correct are damaged, other parts may take over the functions of the damaged parts
79
Benzos are _______ agonists.
GABA
80
Right-left confusion is a characteristic of damage to the?
Parietal lobe
81
Most research has linked Alzheimer’s to damage in what area of the brain?
Temporal lobe
82
Damage to the orbitofrontal cortex will most likely result in?
Altered emotions
| Think when I got hit by Harper here I cried
83
What is considered the emotional core of the brain?
The limbic system
84
Converting from antibody negative to antibody positive
Seroconversion
85
Paraplegia
Paralysis of lower limbs
86
Quadriplegia
Paralysis of all 4 limbs
87
Hemiplegia
Paralysis of one side of body
88
Which brand of the nervous system includes your sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system?
Autonomic
89
Acetylcholine is most associated with what?
Voluntary movement
Learning & memory
90
Which neurotransmitters are considered catecholamines?
Norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine
91
Which neurotransmitter is involved in long-term potentiation (LTP)?
Glutamate
92
Main inhibitory neurotransmitter
GABA
93
Main excitatory neurotransmitter
Glutamate
94
The basal ganglia is to movement as the limbic system is to ______.
Emotion
95
Which part of the brain is considered the relay station for sensory information?
Thalamus
96
Broca’s area is located where?
Frontal lobe
97
Wernicke’s area is located where?
Temporal lobe
98
Beta waves
Alert, awake
99
Alpha waves
Awake but relaxed
100
Theta waves
Light sleep
| Between being awake and being asleep - falling asleep watching TV in evenings
101
Delta
Deep sleep
102
What % of newborn sleep is REM?
50%
103
As we age, which stages of sleep decrease?
Stages 3-4
104
Does REM sleep increase or decrease as we age?
Decrease
105
REM rebound may occur when the use of __________ is discontinued.
Sedatives
106
What is the leading risk factor for a stroke?
Hypertension
107
Bradykinesia
Slow voluntary movement, blank face
| Parkinson’s
108
Athetosis and Chorea are associated with what disease?
Huntington’s
109
What is athetosis?
Slow, writhing movements
| Huntington’s
110
What is chorea?
Involuntary rapid, jerky movements
| Huntington’s
111
What % of individuals with Parkinson’s experience depression?
40%
112
Loss of declarative memory is associated with?
Alzheimer’s
113
Complex partial seizures are known to originate where?
Temporal lobe
114
Absence seizures are believed to originate where?
Thalamus
115
Absent seizures are also known as what?
Petit mal
116
Complex partial seizures - formerly called?
Temporal lobe epilepsy
117
Degree of impulsivity seen in ADHD may be associated with what in terms of brain anatomy?
Size of the caudate nucleus
