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Cognitive and Neurogenic Communication Disorders > Neuranatomy > Flashcards

Neuranatomy Flashcards

1
Q

brainstem: functions

A
  • breathing, circulation, digestion, swallowing
  • sensory info going to the brain
  • motor info coming from the brain
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2
Q

brainstem consists of

A
  • medulla oblongata
  • pons
  • midbrain
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3
Q

cerebellum

A
  • body control
  • motion memory
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4
Q

thalamus: function

A

sorting data and sending it where it needs to go

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5
Q

thalamus consists of

A
  • hypothalamus
  • posterior pituitary
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6
Q

hypothalamus: function

A

homeostasis (maintaining body temperature)

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7
Q

posterior pituitary: function

A

sending hormones

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8
Q

cerebrum: function

A

integration and making sense of the information coming in

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9
Q

cerebrum consists of

A
  • corpus collosum
  • basal ganglia
  • frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes
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10
Q

corpus collosum

A

connection of nerves between the 2 hemispheres

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11
Q

basal ganglia

A
  • motor control
  • Parkinson’s disease (issues in the basal ganglia)
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12
Q

frontal lobe

A
  • executive functioning
  • speech
  • motor cortex
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13
Q

motor cortex

A

motor information coming from the brain

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14
Q

parietal lobe

A
  • sensation
  • somatosensory cortex
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15
Q

somatosensory cortex

A

sensory information going into the brain

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16
Q

occipital lobe

A

vision

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17
Q

temporal lobe

A

language, hearing, memory, and smell

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18
Q

neurons

A

allow the individual to take in information from their surroundings and respond to it

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19
Q

neurons: stimulus

A
  • sensory/afferent
  • receptors transmit that information to the CNS
20
Q

neurons: response

A
  • motor efferent
  • effectors transmit information to the body
21
Q

interneurons

A

connect the sensory neurons and motor neurons

22
Q

synapse

A

excitation and inhibition might not be able to be found because it can be at the neurotransmitter level

23
Q

cerebrum/cortex information

A
  • grey matter on the surface
  • large masses of grey
  • matter deeper still (basal ganglia, amygdala, and claustrum)
24
Q

frontal lobe contains

A
  • precentral gyrus
  • Broca’s area
25
Q

precentral gyrus

A
  • sends impulses to the muscles
  • damage to this causes hemiplegia on the opposite side of lesion
  • also known as motor strip or primary motor area
  • contains primary motor cortex, which handles signals from the premotor area of the frontal lobe
26
Q

Broca’s area

A
  • programs the oral and phonatory mechanisms for the movement of speech
  • typically found in the left hemisphere in 95% of the population
  • damage typically causes apraxia of speech and Broca’s aphasia
27
Q

parietal lobe

A
  • contains post central gyrus
  • damage can cause hemianesthesia
  • tactile recognition and visual-spatial orientation
  • supramarginal gyrus
28
Q

hemianesthesia

A

loss of sensation on one side of the body and loss of pain and temperature sense on the opposite side

29
Q

supramarginal gyrus

A

responsible for symbolic integration of writing

30
Q

temporal lobe

A
  • primary auditory area
  • anterior portion is the Heschl’s gyrus
  • posterior portion is Wernicke’s area
  • angular gyrus
31
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

provides interpretation of auditory language input

32
Q

angular gyrus

A

integrates visual, auditory, and tactile information for the symbolic integration of reading

33
Q

occipital lobe

A
  • primary visual area for the reception of visual input
  • damage to this area creates a homonymous hemianopsia
34
Q

anterior portion of hemispheres

A
  • involves initiation and coordination of purposeful or goal-directed behavior
  • responsible for willful action
  • motor regions send impulses directly to the muscles of the body
  • premotor region contains plans for organizing these impulses to carry out particular functions
35
Q

posterior portion of hemispheres

A

involves the reception, analysis, integration, and storage of information

36
Q

reticular formation

A
  • responsible for wakefulness and alertness
  • network projected diffusely to all regions of the cortex (RAS) which alerts the entire cortex to be prepared for specific information to be analyzed
37
Q

cerebral cortex: protected by 3 structural features

A
  1. bony skull
  2. membranous tissue, menings
  3. cushion of cerebrospinal fluid
38
Q

menings

A
  • dura mater
  • arachnoid
  • pia mater
39
Q

subcortical dementia

A
  • does not involve changes to the cortex
  • changes at the level of the basal ganglia, thalamus, and brain stem
40
Q

cingulate gyrus

A

part of the limbic system, which is responsible for the emotional component of behavior

41
Q

circle of willis

A
  • anterior to the brain
  • the internal carotids connect to a circular arterial system at the base of the brain
  • consists of small communicating arteries between the origins of each major cerebral artery
  • internal carotids connect to the circle closest to the origin of the middle cerebral artery
42
Q

3 cerebral arteries cover the surface of each hemisphere

A
  1. anterior cerebral artery
  2. middle cerebral artery
  3. posterior cerebral artery
43
Q

anterior cerebral artery

A

distributed mostly throughout the medial surface of the cortex, extends posteriorly to parietal lobe

44
Q

middle cerebral artery

A
  • supplies the motor and sensory areas involved in speech, audition, and language function
  • the specific location of a stroke within the MCA is designated typically with reference to the direction of flow from the lateral fissure and to the lobe supplied
45
Q

posterior cerebral arteries

A
  • covers the medial surface of the occipital lobe and base of temporal lobe
  • supplies the primary visual area on the banks of the calcarine fissure

Cognitive and Neurogenic Communication Disorders (4 decks)

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