Neuralation and Folding Flashcards
In part, the neural crest identity is based on the brain region where they arose. What are the three regions of brain?
Forebrain (prosencephalon)
Midbrain (mesencephalon)
Hindbrain (rhombomeres 1-8)
- Gills
- Gills, neurocranium
- Jaws & Joint present, Upper- palatopterygoquadrate bar, Lower- Meckel’s cartilage, Dermal bones to protect the brain and face-evolution of the NCC
Evolutionary Development of the Skull
In which region of the brain are the rhombomeres found and what are they?
bumps found on the hindbrain (8 of them)
Hox genes are not expressed anterior to the rhombomere _____?
3/PA2
Craniofacial mesenchyme espress homeobox containing transcription factors, but not _____ _____.
NOT hox genes
Neural crest cells can be migrated, but which zones are known as “Crest Free Zones” and don’t give rise to any neural crest cells? (3 of them)
Telencephalon
R3
R5
- Bones and cartilages of the face
- Melanocytes
- Tooth papilla-pulp, dentin, cementum, alveolar bone, periodontal ligament
Cranial Neural Crest Derivatives
- Clavical
- No bone or cartilage
- Pigment cells
- Innervation of the gut
- Heart valves
Trunk Neural Crest Derivatives
Human Facial Development:
- Anatomy of the embryonic face
- Process of building a face
- __________ of the buccopharyngeal membrane
- Induction of the __________
- Fusion of the __________
- Growth and fusion of the upper facial prominences
- Differentiation of the ___________
- Dissolution
- placodes
- mandible
- mesenchyme
Dissolution of the buccopharyngeal membrane permits swallowing of the embryo and _______ ________.
fluid balance
Branchial Arch Formation
*The branchial arches are numbered anterior to posterior by numbers…?
1-6, *5 is not easy to see and may even be absent
Branchial Arch Anatomy
*What are the three components of its structure?
Pouch
Arch
Artery
BA Derivatives
- Malleus and Incus
- Mandible
- Muscles of Mastication
1st Arch
BA Derivatives
- Stapes
- Styloid Process
- Part of Hyoid
- Muscles of Facial Expression
2nd Arch
BA Derivatives
- Part of Hyoid
- Stylopharyngeous Muscle
3rd Arch
BA Derivatives:
- Laryngeal Cartilage
- Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscles
4th Arch
BA Derivatives
- Laryngeal Cartilages
- Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles
6th Arch
The cartilaginous bar that forms in each branchial arch is of neural crest origin. Except for the _________ ________, these cartilages contribute to several skeletal structures in the head and neck.
Meckel’s Cartilage
The ________ ______ of the branchial arches is of mesodermal origin and will form muscles of the face and anterior neck region.
muscular core
Each branchial arch is innervated by a separate cranial nerve:
- BA1 - CNV “__________”
- BA2 - CNVII “__________”
- BA3 - CNIX “__________”
- BA4/6 - CNX “__________”
BA1 - Trigeminal BA2 - Facial BA3 - Glossopharyngeal BA4/6 - Vagus (TFGV)
Upper facial prominences are the building blocks of what?
upper jaw
Which prominence does this describe?
- Next to the telencephalon
- Between the nasal prominences
- Contribute to the upper lip, nose, and sinuses
Frontonasal Prominence
During the Lip Development in SEM, the naso-optic groove will become ________.
lacrymal
An area of thickening epithelium in the embryonic head ectoderm layer that gives rise to neurons and other structures of the sensory nervous system.
neurogenic placode
