Neuralation and Folding

Question 0

In part, the neural crest identity is based on the brain region where they arose. What are the three regions of brain?

Answer 0

Forebrain (prosencephalon)
Midbrain (mesencephalon)
Hindbrain (rhombomeres 1-8)

Question 1

1. Gills
2. Gills, neurocranium
3. Jaws & Joint present, Upper- palatopterygoquadrate bar, Lower- Meckel’s cartilage, Dermal bones to protect the brain and face-evolution of the NCC

Answer 1

Evolutionary Development of the Skull

Question 2

In which region of the brain are the rhombomeres found and what are they?

Answer 2

bumps found on the hindbrain (8 of them)

Question 3

Hox genes are not expressed anterior to the rhombomere _____?

Answer 3

3/PA2

Question 4

Craniofacial mesenchyme espress homeobox containing transcription factors, but not _____ _____.

Answer 4

NOT hox genes

Question 5

Neural crest cells can be migrated, but which zones are known as “Crest Free Zones” and don’t give rise to any neural crest cells? (3 of them)

Answer 5

Telencephalon
R3
R5

Question 6

• Bones and cartilages of the face
• Melanocytes
• Tooth papilla-pulp, dentin, cementum, alveolar bone, periodontal ligament

Answer 6

Cranial Neural Crest Derivatives

Question 7

• Clavical
• No bone or cartilage
• Pigment cells
• Innervation of the gut
• Heart valves

Answer 7

Trunk Neural Crest Derivatives

Question 8

Human Facial Development:

• Anatomy of the embryonic face
• Process of building a face
  
  • __________ of the buccopharyngeal membrane
  • Induction of the __________
  • Fusion of the __________
  • Growth and fusion of the upper facial prominences
• Differentiation of the ___________

Answer 8

• Dissolution
  
  • placodes
  • mandible
• mesenchyme

Question 9

Dissolution of the buccopharyngeal membrane permits swallowing of the embryo and _______ ________.

Answer 9

fluid balance

Question 10

Branchial Arch Formation

*The branchial arches are numbered anterior to posterior by numbers…?

Answer 10

1-6, *5 is not easy to see and may even be absent

Question 11

Branchial Arch Anatomy

*What are the three components of its structure?

Answer 11

Pouch
Arch
Artery

Question 12

BA Derivatives

• Malleus and Incus
• Mandible
• Muscles of Mastication

Answer 12

1st Arch

Question 13

BA Derivatives

• Stapes
• Styloid Process
• Part of Hyoid
• Muscles of Facial Expression

Answer 13

2nd Arch

Question 14

BA Derivatives

• Part of Hyoid
• Stylopharyngeous Muscle

Answer 14

3rd Arch

Question 15

BA Derivatives:

• Laryngeal Cartilage
• Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscles

Answer 15

4th Arch

Question 16

BA Derivatives

• Laryngeal Cartilages
• Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles

Answer 16

6th Arch

Question 17

The cartilaginous bar that forms in each branchial arch is of neural crest origin. Except for the _________ ________, these cartilages contribute to several skeletal structures in the head and neck.

Answer 17

Meckel’s Cartilage

Question 18

The ________ ______ of the branchial arches is of mesodermal origin and will form muscles of the face and anterior neck region.

Answer 18

muscular core

Question 19

Each branchial arch is innervated by a separate cranial nerve:

• BA1 - CNV “__________”
• BA2 - CNVII “__________”
• BA3 - CNIX “__________”
• BA4/6 - CNX “__________”

Answer 19

BA1 - Trigeminal
BA2 - Facial
BA3 - Glossopharyngeal
BA4/6 - Vagus
(TFGV)

Question 20

Upper facial prominences are the building blocks of what?

Answer 20

upper jaw

Question 21

Which prominence does this describe?

• Next to the telencephalon
• Between the nasal prominences
• Contribute to the upper lip, nose, and sinuses

Answer 21

Frontonasal Prominence

Question 22

During the Lip Development in SEM, the naso-optic groove will become ________.

Answer 22

lacrymal

Question 23

An area of thickening epithelium in the embryonic head ectoderm layer that gives rise to neurons and other structures of the sensory nervous system.

Answer 23

neurogenic placode