Human Development Continued Flashcards
Spermatogonium sit dormant until __________.
puberty
Development of the Ovarian Follicle
Oogenesis
What are the four follicular stages in Oogenesis?
Primordial Follicle
Unilaminar Primary Follicle
Multilaminar Secondary Follicle
Antral Tertiary Follicle
The mature follicle contains a _________ oocyte.
primary
Meiosis I occurs upon __________.
ovulation
The final meiotic division occurs at the time of __________ prior to ________ ________ in the oviduct
fertilization, nuclear fusion
Although the number of oocytes is determined early in life, the meiotic divisions occur prior to __________, hence there is an increase in possible congenital abnormalities with age.
fertilization
What is really happening during ovulation?
Rupture of the Graafian follicle and release of the mature ovum
Fertilization usually occurs in the _________ of the oviduct. If fertilization is delayed and occurs nearer the uterus, implantation may not occur or implantation may occur nearer the cervix.
ampulla
The epithelium of the Fallopian tubes consists of what two types of cells? Which hormones favor each?
Ciliated Cells - estrogen
Secretory Cells - progesterone
What denotes the embryo and its appendages? This includes all structures that develop from the zygote, both embryonic and extraembryonic. It includes the embryo as well as the embryonic part of the placenta and its associated membranes - amnion, chorion (gestational sac), and yolk sac.
conceptus
What are the six stages of rapid cleavages? *Begin with the oocyte.
Oocyte, Zygote, 4 Cell, 8 Cell, Morula, Blastocyst
At about 4 days of age, a fluid filled cavity appears between the cells of the embryo. This fluid filled space is the beginning of what?
Blastocystic cavity
The blastocyst process:
- a fluid filled cavity, the _________
- an outer cell mass that becomes the _________ and ________
- an inner cell mass that becomes the _________ ________
- blastocoel
- trophoblast, placenta
- embryo proper
What can be thought of as a “teflon coating” that prevents the embryo from “sticking”?
Zona Pellucida
The fully developed blastula hatches out of its “shell” (zona pellucida). This usually occurs in the upper part of the _________.
Uterus
The hatched ________ is “sticky” and will begin to implant on any mucosal surface. Ideally, this would be the uterus.
conceptus
After hatching, the trophoblast attaches and invades the ________ _______. Also, the ICM becomes _________.
uterine wall, bilayered
The Three Layers of the Uterus
- The _________ is a mucous membrane consisting of an inner epithelial layer with a lamina propria (or endometrial stroma).
a. The basal layer of reserve cells is termed the ________.
b. The ________ layer is lost with each cycle. - The _________ consists of smooth muscle.
- The _________ is the surrounding serosal layer.
- endometrium
a. basalis
b. functional layer (functionalis) - myometrium
- perimetrium
During implantation, cells of the trophoblast invade the endometrium. A synctium is formed by fusion of cells from the cytotrophoblst. How many cytoplasm and nuclei does a synctium have?
Single cytoplasm
Multiple nuclei
Implantation (Day 7-8)
- The inner cell mass reorganizes to form what three things?
- Cells forming the roof of the amnion are ________.
- hypoblast, epiblast, and the amniotic cavity
2. amnioblasts
The Bilaminar Disc (Day 9)
- The epiblast forms the ________ of the embryo.
- The hypoblast forms the “_______ _______”. It outlines the exocoelomic cavity or umbilical vesicle.
*The cells are no longer pleuripotent. Fate has been determined: extraembryonic vs. embryonic
- ectoderm
2. primitive endoderm
