Human Development Continued

Question 0

Spermatogonium sit dormant until __________.

Answer 0

puberty

Question 1

Development of the Ovarian Follicle

Answer 1

Oogenesis

Question 2

What are the four follicular stages in Oogenesis?

Answer 2

Primordial Follicle
Unilaminar Primary Follicle
Multilaminar Secondary Follicle
Antral Tertiary Follicle

Question 3

The mature follicle contains a _________ oocyte.

Answer 3

primary

Question 4

Meiosis I occurs upon __________.

Answer 4

ovulation

Question 5

The final meiotic division occurs at the time of __________ prior to ________ ________ in the oviduct

Answer 5

fertilization, nuclear fusion

Question 6

Although the number of oocytes is determined early in life, the meiotic divisions occur prior to __________, hence there is an increase in possible congenital abnormalities with age.

Answer 6

fertilization

Question 7

What is really happening during ovulation?

Answer 7

Rupture of the Graafian follicle and release of the mature ovum

Question 8

Fertilization usually occurs in the _________ of the oviduct. If fertilization is delayed and occurs nearer the uterus, implantation may not occur or implantation may occur nearer the cervix.

Answer 8

ampulla

Question 9

The epithelium of the Fallopian tubes consists of what two types of cells? Which hormones favor each?

Answer 9

Ciliated Cells - estrogen

Secretory Cells - progesterone

Question 10

What denotes the embryo and its appendages? This includes all structures that develop from the zygote, both embryonic and extraembryonic. It includes the embryo as well as the embryonic part of the placenta and its associated membranes - amnion, chorion (gestational sac), and yolk sac.

Answer 10

conceptus

Question 11

What are the six stages of rapid cleavages? *Begin with the oocyte.

Answer 11

Oocyte, Zygote, 4 Cell, 8 Cell, Morula, Blastocyst

Question 12

At about 4 days of age, a fluid filled cavity appears between the cells of the embryo. This fluid filled space is the beginning of what?

Answer 12

Blastocystic cavity

Question 13

The blastocyst process:

1. a fluid filled cavity, the _________
2. an outer cell mass that becomes the _________ and ________
3. an inner cell mass that becomes the _________ ________

Answer 13

1. blastocoel
2. trophoblast, placenta
3. embryo proper

Question 14

What can be thought of as a “teflon coating” that prevents the embryo from “sticking”?

Answer 14

Zona Pellucida

Question 15

The fully developed blastula hatches out of its “shell” (zona pellucida). This usually occurs in the upper part of the _________.

Answer 15

Uterus

Question 16

The hatched ________ is “sticky” and will begin to implant on any mucosal surface. Ideally, this would be the uterus.

Answer 16

conceptus

Question 17

After hatching, the trophoblast attaches and invades the ________ _______. Also, the ICM becomes _________.

Answer 17

uterine wall, bilayered

Question 18

The Three Layers of the Uterus

1. The _________ is a mucous membrane consisting of an inner epithelial layer with a lamina propria (or endometrial stroma).
   a. The basal layer of reserve cells is termed the ________.
   b. The ________ layer is lost with each cycle.
2. The _________ consists of smooth muscle.
3. The _________ is the surrounding serosal layer.

Answer 18

1. endometrium
   a. basalis
   b. functional layer (functionalis)
2. myometrium
3. perimetrium

Question 19

During implantation, cells of the trophoblast invade the endometrium. A synctium is formed by fusion of cells from the cytotrophoblst. How many cytoplasm and nuclei does a synctium have?

Answer 19

Single cytoplasm

Multiple nuclei

Question 20

Implantation (Day 7-8)

1. The inner cell mass reorganizes to form what three things?
2. Cells forming the roof of the amnion are ________.

Answer 20

1. hypoblast, epiblast, and the amniotic cavity

2. amnioblasts

Question 21

The Bilaminar Disc (Day 9)

1. The epiblast forms the ________ of the embryo.
2. The hypoblast forms the “_______ _______”. It outlines the exocoelomic cavity or umbilical vesicle.

*The cells are no longer pleuripotent. Fate has been determined: extraembryonic vs. embryonic

Answer 21

1. ectoderm

2. primitive endoderm