Neural Tissue Organization Flashcards
What does propagation do?
Conveys the (depolarization) impulse along the plasma membrane
When the normal electrical charge on either side of a neuron is altered, it is known as?
Depolarization
What implies the relay of the impulse across a small distance (synaptic cleft) to other neurons, muscle cells, and a growing list of additional cell types?
Transmission
What type of synapse is unidirectional?
Chemical gradient
What type of synapse is bi-directional?
Electrical transmission
Involves cell to cell contact
What neuroactive substance acts rapidly and locally?
Neurotransmitters: the primary chemicals released by neurons
What neuroactive substance is slower acting, so it gradually regulates the discharge rate of the target neurons?
Neuromodulators
What neuroactive substance exerts a slow but wide spread influence?
Neurohormones
The projections conveying an impulse away from a cell body are called?
Dendrites
The projections which conveys an impulse away from the cell body is called?
An axon
Which neuron is rare in vertebrate adults but are identified in embryogenesis?
Unipolar: single projection from the cell body
Where can bipolar neurons be found?
The neuron with two projections from the cell body can be found in the nasal cavity epithelium, in the retina, and in the vestibular and cochlear ganglia of the eighth cranial nerve
What do pseudo unipolar neurons do during development?
They originate as bipolar neurons then the projections shift and combine at the cell body. These neurons comprise the rest of the adult sensory ganglionic neuron cell types
What is the multipolar motor neuron of the brain and spinal cord?
Stellate neuron
What multipolar neurons are found in the cerebral cortex?
Pyramidal neurons
Projection neurons are multipolar neurons that are also known as?
Golgi type 1 purkinje cell of the cerebellar cortex
Golgi type 2 granule cells of the cerebral and cerebellar cortex are multipolar neurons known as?
Local circuit neurons
What neuron morphological classification are neurons of the motor ganglia?
Multipolar neurons
What neuron functional classification are involved in the process of relaying information from specialized receptor endings towards the CNS?
Sensory/afferent
What is the peripheral process?
The dendrite of the primary sensory neuron
Unipolar, bipolar, and pseudounipolar cells are functionally classified as what type of neurons?
Sensory/afferent
The first neuron in a sensory pathway to the brain or spinal cord is known as?
Primary sensory neuron
Or
First order neuron
Where will the motor pathway begin?
It begins with the neuron whose axons leaves the CNS,
also known as
the primary motor neuron.
In the brain, what makes up the nucleus of origin?
Clusters of primary motor neurons
