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Neurophys > Neural networks > Flashcards

Neural networks Flashcards

1
Q

What are the stages of Neural Darwinism?

A

Developmental Selection
Experiential Selection
Mapping

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2
Q

What kind of control is the developmental selection stage under?

A

Genetic control

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3
Q

What kind of control is experiential selection under?

A

Experiential control

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4
Q

What is mapping?

A

The idea that numerous neural maps are formed by the brain

Ex. Pressure maps for each area of the body

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5
Q

What does LTP require (in regards to neuronal firing)

A

Simultaneous presynaptic and post synaptic neuronal firing

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6
Q

Does LTP rely on protein kinases or phosphatases?

A

Relies on protein kinases

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7
Q

Does LTD depend on protein kinases or phosphatases?

A

Relies on protein phosphatases

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8
Q

What does LTD require (neuronal firing)

A

Asynchronous firing of pre and post synaptic neurons

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9
Q

What determines whether an LTD or LTP is formed?

A

The AMOUNT of calcium ions allowed into the post synaptic neuron

(BOTH require the NMDA receptor activation and entry of calcium into post synaptic cell)

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10
Q

What is a serious downside to serial processing?

A

It is vulnerable to damage which could block further fxn

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11
Q

Why is distributed processing a safer route in neural networks?

A

It is more resilient to damage.

Multiple interconnections allow for continued communication and function

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12
Q

What is a serial processing scheme?

A

Neurons within an assembly connect with one other neuron

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13
Q

What is a distributed processing scheme?

A

Neurons within an assembly contain multiple connections

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14
Q

What is a feedforward excitatory connection?

A

Info from a lower level of a circuit being transmitted by a presynaptic neuron to a post synaptic neuron at a higher level

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15
Q

What is a feedback excitatory connection?

A

Info is transmitted from a presynaptic lower level neuron to a postsynaptic higher level neuron. Output from postsynaptic neuron excites the presynaptic input neuron

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16
Q

Lateral excitatory connection

A

Presynaptic neuron excites postsynaptic neurons within the same processing level

17
Q

What is feedforward inhibitory connection?

A

Presynaptic neuron excites an inhibitory inter neuron which goes on to inhibit a tertiary neuron

18
Q

What is a feedback inhibitory connection?

A

Output of a higher order level of a circuit inhibits activity of that circuit.

A presynaptic neuron excites a postsynaptic neuron and that neuron goes on to excite an inhibitory inter neuron that inhibits the initial presynaptic neuron

19
Q

What is a lateral inhibitory connection?

A

Presynaptic neuron excites inhibitory inter neurons which inhibit postsynaptic neurons at the SAME processing level

20
Q

What is disinhibition?

A

Inhibitory inter neurons can sometimes be used indirectly to cause net excitation within a circuit

If inhibitory input is greater than excitatory input, the neuron will be silent.

If inhibitory input is inhibited, the excitatory input would cause the neuron to fire

21
Q

What is divergent process streaming?

A

A neuron projects input to a large number of target neurons via axon collaterals

Can also refer to one neuron activating more than one receptor subtype

22
Q

What is convergence process streaming?

A

A neuron receives input from a large number of other neurons

Can also apply to the ability of different NTs to converge to affect same circuit or network

23
Q

What is a hierarchical circuit?

A

Each level is regulated by local circuits and all 3 types of processing occur within the circuits

24
Q

What is parallel processing?

A

Info flows in a side-by-side manner in a hierarchical circuit

25
Q

What is reciprocal processing?

A

Info flows back and forth in a hierarchical circuit

26
Q

What is a local circuit?

A

Found within hierarchical circuits and alter the processing at each hierarchical level

Determine info passed down to next stage

Include feedforward, feedback connections, excitatory and inhibitory connections

27
Q

Which cells of the CNS retain the ability to divide?

A

Microglial cells

28
Q

What are the components of the neural triad?

A

Neurons
Neuroglial cells
Cerebral vasculature

29
Q

Which neuroglial cells make up the BBB?

A

Astrocytes

30
Q

What is Neural Darwinism?

A

The idea that the brain is a somatic selection, just like evolution, but done in a much shorter time course

Neurophys (6 decks)

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