Neural mechanisms of memory formation and learning

Question 1

What is neural plasticity

Answer 1

Neural plasticity is the ability of the brain’s neural structure or function to be changed by experience throughout the lifespan.
This plasticity is a feature that persists from embryonic development through to and including old age.

Question 2

Synaptic plasticity

Answer 2

Synaptic plasticity refers to the ability of the synapse to change in response to experience. This controls how effectively two neurons communicate with each other

Question 3

When learning occurs the most prominent change takes place at the synapse

Answer 3

Change through growth or formation of new synaptic connections that strengthen the synapse
OR
Change may occur through disuse of synaptic connections that weaken or eliminate the synapse

Question 4

how does 2 neurons active at one time effect the chemistry of the neuron

Answer 4

When presynaptic & postsynaptic neurons are active at the same time, this changes the structure or chemistry of the synapse, strengthening the connection between the 2 neurons at the synapse
When synaptic connection in strengthened it makes them more likely to fire together again and to transmit their signals more forcibly and efficiently in the future
Conversely – not firing together weakens the connection between neurons

Question 5

what is sprouting

Answer 5

The creation of new extensions on a neuron that allow it to make new connections with other neurons
‘Sprouts’ grow on axons or dendrites to allow for the new connections or rerouting

Question 6

what is rerouting

Answer 6

Occurs when new connections are made between neurons or creation of alternate pathways
The new connections could be between existing synaptic connects and/or new ones

Question 7

what is pruning

Answer 7

The elimination of weak, ineffective or unused synapses ( this = no connection with the next neurons)

Question 8

what is LTP(long term potential)

Answer 8

Long-term potential (LTP) refers to the long lasting strengthening of synaptic connections, resulting in enhanced or more effective synaptic transmission

Question 9

what is LTD(Long term depression)

Answer 9

Long-term depression (LTD) is the long lasting decrease in the strength of synaptic transmission (opposite of LTP)