Neural Crest Cells Flashcards
NCCs are derived from what germ layer
ectoderm
what characteristic does migratory cells of neuroectoderm have that helps them easily move by amoeboid movement
mesenchymal cells or loosely arranged
two types of migratory pathway (what becomes of NCCs)
lateral migration pathway and medial migration pathway
what pathway makes NCCs form melanocytes or pigment cells of skin
lateral migration pathway
what pathway makes NCCs give rise to ganglia (dorsal root and symphathetic)
medial migration pathway
what other factor aside from the route they follow where NCCs depend
microenvironment of final destination
once NCCs are settled in their target organs, it will undergo final differentiation via what
cell-to-cell signaling
differentiate pathway 1 and pathway 2
P1 - travel ventrally through A sclerotome; participate in formation of cartilages and bones of vertebral column
P2 - dorsolateral pathway between epidermis and dermatome; form the pigment cells of the body
what are the 4 overlapping domains
cranial, vagal, trunk, lumbosacral
small subdomain of NCCs between cranial and vagal
cardiac neural crest cells
cardiac NCCs give rise to?
septum between pulmonary and aortic arch
dorsolateral pathway give rise to?
melanocytes, neurons, cartilages, CTs
ventral pathway gives rise to?
ganglia (dorsal root, symphathetic, parasymphathetic)
cranial NCCs gives rise to?
pharyngeal arches, face, neck
trunk NCCs give rise to?
symphathetic neurons
- somite 6-tail
sacral NCCs give rise to?
parasymphathetic enrves of gut
- posterior to somite 28
somite 18-24 gives rise to?
adrenal medulla
what lines the aortic arteries
cardiac NCCs
jawbones, earbones, frontonasal process are coming from rhombomere level what
R 1&2
hyoid cartilage are coming from rhombomere level what
R 4
thymus, parathyroid, thyroid are coming from what rhombomere level
R 6
what rhombomere level/s do not migrate through surrounding mesoderm but stay on either side of rhombomere mesoderm
R 3&5
what influence the development/fate of the embryonic ectoderm in the neural plate formation?
BMPs signaling molecules
high level of BMPs induces what
epidermis formation
intermediate level of BMPs induces what
neural crest cells formation
low level of BMPs induces what
neural ectoderm formation
what induces expression of PAX3 gene
BMPs, FGF, WNT
what gene encode transcription factors that specifiy the neural plate border
PAX3
gene that specify cells as neural crest cells
SNAIL and FOXD3
gene product that promotes NCC migration
SLUG
what signaling factors induces expression of RhoB and Slug
BMP4 and BMP7
what establish cytoskeletal conditions that promote migration of the NCCs
RhoB and Slug
the loss of this makes the NCCs free to undergo amoeboid movement
CAMS, N-cadherin
components of ECM that promotes migration are collectively known as
SAMs
what components of ECM restrict or inhibit migrations
Ephrin proteins
what determines the final differentiation of NCCs?
cell signaling factors
code for homeodomains or transcription factors that are the highest hierchy of the genes; can control activity of other genes under them
hox genes
hox genes are particularly subfamily of?
homeobox containing genes
hox genes are evolutionay conserved from ?
yeast> invertebrates > mouse > humans
3 features of hox genes
- contain subclass of highly conserved homeobox sequences (encode transcription factors)
- organizing body plan
- exist in clusters of similar genes in the genome
give the chromosome number where these genes are found
Hox A -
Hox B -
Hox C -
Hox D -
Hox A - 6
Hox B - 11
Hox C - 15
Hox D - 2
genes that are similar with each other but located on different chromosomes (ex. A1 and B1)
paralogous chromosomes
genes found within same cluster of gene (A1, A2, A3)
orthologous genes
______ genes are expressed earlier, while ______ genes are expressed later
anterior; posterior
site of cell turnover
primitive node
