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DEVBIOL > Neural Crest Cells > Flashcards

Neural Crest Cells Flashcards

1
Q

NCCs are derived from what germ layer

A

ectoderm

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2
Q

what characteristic does migratory cells of neuroectoderm have that helps them easily move by amoeboid movement

A

mesenchymal cells or loosely arranged

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3
Q

two types of migratory pathway (what becomes of NCCs)

A

lateral migration pathway and medial migration pathway

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4
Q

what pathway makes NCCs form melanocytes or pigment cells of skin

A

lateral migration pathway

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5
Q

what pathway makes NCCs give rise to ganglia (dorsal root and symphathetic)

A

medial migration pathway

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6
Q

what other factor aside from the route they follow where NCCs depend

A

microenvironment of final destination

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7
Q

once NCCs are settled in their target organs, it will undergo final differentiation via what

A

cell-to-cell signaling

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8
Q

differentiate pathway 1 and pathway 2

A

P1 - travel ventrally through A sclerotome; participate in formation of cartilages and bones of vertebral column
P2 - dorsolateral pathway between epidermis and dermatome; form the pigment cells of the body

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9
Q

what are the 4 overlapping domains

A

cranial, vagal, trunk, lumbosacral

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10
Q

small subdomain of NCCs between cranial and vagal

A

cardiac neural crest cells

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11
Q

cardiac NCCs give rise to?

A

septum between pulmonary and aortic arch

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12
Q

dorsolateral pathway give rise to?

A

melanocytes, neurons, cartilages, CTs

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13
Q

ventral pathway gives rise to?

A

ganglia (dorsal root, symphathetic, parasymphathetic)

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14
Q

cranial NCCs gives rise to?

A

pharyngeal arches, face, neck

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15
Q

trunk NCCs give rise to?

A

symphathetic neurons
- somite 6-tail

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16
Q

sacral NCCs give rise to?

A

parasymphathetic enrves of gut
- posterior to somite 28

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17
Q

somite 18-24 gives rise to?

A

adrenal medulla

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18
Q

what lines the aortic arteries

A

cardiac NCCs

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19
Q

jawbones, earbones, frontonasal process are coming from rhombomere level what

A

R 1&2

20
Q

hyoid cartilage are coming from rhombomere level what

A

R 4

21
Q

thymus, parathyroid, thyroid are coming from what rhombomere level

A

R 6

22
Q

what rhombomere level/s do not migrate through surrounding mesoderm but stay on either side of rhombomere mesoderm

A

R 3&5

23
Q

what influence the development/fate of the embryonic ectoderm in the neural plate formation?

A

BMPs signaling molecules

24
Q

high level of BMPs induces what

A

epidermis formation

25
Q

intermediate level of BMPs induces what

A

neural crest cells formation

26
Q

low level of BMPs induces what

A

neural ectoderm formation

27
Q

what induces expression of PAX3 gene

A

BMPs, FGF, WNT

28
Q

what gene encode transcription factors that specifiy the neural plate border

A

PAX3

29
Q

gene that specify cells as neural crest cells

A

SNAIL and FOXD3

30
Q

gene product that promotes NCC migration

A

SLUG

31
Q

what signaling factors induces expression of RhoB and Slug

A

BMP4 and BMP7

32
Q

what establish cytoskeletal conditions that promote migration of the NCCs

A

RhoB and Slug

33
Q

the loss of this makes the NCCs free to undergo amoeboid movement

A

CAMS, N-cadherin

34
Q

components of ECM that promotes migration are collectively known as

A

SAMs

35
Q

what components of ECM restrict or inhibit migrations

A

Ephrin proteins

36
Q

what determines the final differentiation of NCCs?

A

cell signaling factors

37
Q

code for homeodomains or transcription factors that are the highest hierchy of the genes; can control activity of other genes under them

A

hox genes

38
Q

hox genes are particularly subfamily of?

A

homeobox containing genes

39
Q

hox genes are evolutionay conserved from ?

A

yeast> invertebrates > mouse > humans

40
Q

3 features of hox genes

A
  1. contain subclass of highly conserved homeobox sequences (encode transcription factors)
  2. organizing body plan
  3. exist in clusters of similar genes in the genome
41
Q

give the chromosome number where these genes are found
Hox A -
Hox B -
Hox C -
Hox D -

A

Hox A - 6
Hox B - 11
Hox C - 15
Hox D - 2

42
Q

genes that are similar with each other but located on different chromosomes (ex. A1 and B1)

A

paralogous chromosomes

43
Q

genes found within same cluster of gene (A1, A2, A3)

A

orthologous genes

44
Q

______ genes are expressed earlier, while ______ genes are expressed later

A

anterior; posterior

45
Q

site of cell turnover

A

primitive node

DEVBIOL (3 decks)

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