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DEVBIOL > Formation of Germ Layer and Derivatives > Flashcards

Formation of Germ Layer and Derivatives Flashcards

1
Q

result of delamination process during gastrulation

A

epiblast and hypoblast

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2
Q

what will epiblast give rise to

A

embryonic epiblast and amniotic ectoderm

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3
Q

where is this process located - the migration of cells toward the midline to form the primitive streak

A

embryonic epiblast

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4
Q

formation of epiblast and hypoblast layers is referred to as

A

bilaminar disc formation

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5
Q

formation of the three embryonic germ layers is called

A

trilaminar disc formation

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6
Q

what will give rise to the extraembryonic endoderm which will form the yolk sac consisting of endoderm

A

hypoblast

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7
Q

what surrounds the inner cell mass

A

trophoblastic cells

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8
Q

trophoblast will proliferate and form what

A

cytotrophoblast

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9
Q

layer responsible for the initial attachment of the blastocyst to the uterine lining and contains the original cells of trophoblast

A

cytrotrophoblastic layer

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10
Q

layer that has already lost the cellular membranes

A

syncytiotrophoblastic layer

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11
Q

cells on this layer secretes the enzymatic enzymes that digest uterine wall for the implantation of the embryo

A

syncytiotrophoblastic layer

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12
Q

what will give rise to the extraembryonic mesoderm

A

syncytiotrophoblast

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13
Q

what forms the large part of the placenta

A

amnion, yolk sac, components of cytotrophoblast giving rise to extraembryonic mesoderm

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14
Q

membranes outside forming embryo

A

extraembryonic membranes

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15
Q

what forms from the epiblast after splitting?

A

embryonic epiblast and amniotic ectoderm (helmet)

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16
Q

the hypoblast will expand further laterally and moves downward over thr blastocoel and form the?

A

yolk sac

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17
Q

further proliferation of cytotrophoblast will form what?

A

syncytiotrophoblast

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18
Q

what is seen in preparation for the proliferation of the blood vessels forming the placenta eventually

A

lacunae

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19
Q

wall of the yolk sac is derived from?

A

components of the hypoblast

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20
Q

the site of invaginating cells

A

primitive node (the organizer)

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21
Q

invaginating cells undergo ingression occupying blastocoel will give rise to?

A

mesodermal cells

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22
Q

invaginating cells left on top will form

A

ectoderm

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23
Q

cells displaced in the hypoblast

A

endoderm

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24
Q

notochord is derived from the prenotochordal cells which are originated from?

A

mesodermal origin

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25
Q

the definitive notochord is formed first at the ____ region and progresses towards the ____ region

A

cephalic, caudal

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26
Q

3 mesodermal sheets

A

paraxial mesoderm, intermediate mesoderm, and lateral plate mesoderm

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27
Q

what is in between the lateral plate mesoderm and dorsal mesoderm

A

intermediate mesoderm

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28
Q

other term for paraxial mesoderm

A

epimere

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29
Q

other term for intermediate mesoderm

A

mesomere

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30
Q

other term for lateral plate mesoderm

A

hypomere

31
Q

lateral plate mesoderm splits into 2, what are those?

A

somatic mesoderm/parietal AND splanchnic mesoderm/visceral

32
Q

paraxial mesoderm develops into?

A

future somites

33
Q

intermediate mesoderm develops into?

A

future urogenital units

34
Q

lateral plate mesoderm develops into?

A

various organs in the body

35
Q

transformation of embryonic cells into flat cells that are tightly packed

A

epithelialization

36
Q

with further development, epithelial cells are transformed into?

A

mesenchymal type

37
Q

wherein embryonic cells lose their epithelial/compact arrangement and become loosely arranged cells

A

epithelial-mesenchymal transition

38
Q

what forms the sclerotome?

A

notochord and neural tube

39
Q

what forms the myotome?

A

dorsomedial muscle cells and ventrolateral muscle cells

40
Q

cells that remain between the dorsomedial and ventrolateral muscle cells will form what?

A

dermatome

41
Q

3 layers of somite

A

sclerotome, myotome, dermatome

42
Q

genes expressed by notochord and floor plate of the neural tube that acts on cells of sclerotome

A

Shh and noggin

43
Q

what gene is expressed by sclerotome that controls chondrogenesis and vertebrae formation

A

PAX1 gene

44
Q

participates in the formation of vertebral column

A

sclerotome

45
Q

this is secreted by the roof/dorsal neural tube that activates PAX3 gene

A

WNT proteins

46
Q

gene that dermacates the dermamyotome

A

PAX3 gene

47
Q

WNT proteins direct ________ that differentiate into muscle cell precursors

A

dorsomedial portion of somite

48
Q

muscle cell precursors expresses this gene in response to WNT

A

MYF5 gene

49
Q

expressed by dorsal neural tube/neural tube roof that will form the dermis

A

NT3

50
Q

what activates MyoD (muscle specific gene)

A

WNT protein and BMP4

51
Q

_____ is dorsomedial and _______ for ventrolateral cells in forming the myotome

A

MYF5, MyoD

52
Q

what arose from the intermediate mesoderm

A

mesonephros

53
Q

forms the lining of body cavity and body mesenteries

A

somatic/parietal mesoderm

54
Q

forms a layer around visceral organs, gives rise to visceral organs of the body

A

splanchnic/visceral mesoderm

55
Q

what will form when parietal and visceral mesoderm splits

A

intraembryonic/body cavity

56
Q

pharyngeal pouch that will form the middle ear

A

PP 1

57
Q

pharyngeal pouch that will form the tonsils

A

PP 2

58
Q

pharyngeal pouch that will form parathyroid and thymus

A

PP 3

59
Q

pharyngeal pouch that will form parathyroid and post branchial bodies

A

PP 4

60
Q

what is at the floor of the pharynx

A

thyroid rudiment

61
Q

outpocketing of the hindgut is ______ and will give rise to ________

A

allantois, urinary bladder

62
Q

outpocketing of the digestive tube gives rise to

A

liver, lancreas, and gallbladder

63
Q

involved in the formation of sensory vesicles

A

epidermal placodes

64
Q

first segment of the foregut that will give rise to oral epithelium, teeth enamel

A

stomodeum

65
Q

what will form at the floor of the stomodeum

A

Rathke’s pouch

66
Q

lines the end part of the digestive tube

A

proctodeum

67
Q

formed at the floor of diencephalin of the brain

A

infundibulum

68
Q

what gives rise to the pituitary gland

A

infundibulum and rathke’s pouch

69
Q

mostly gives rise to the components of the digestive and respiratory system

A

endodermal germ layer

70
Q

mostly gives rise to the nervous system, components of integumentary system, and sensory structures

A

ectodermal germ layer

71
Q

mostly gives rise to circulatory system

A

lateral plate mesoderm

72
Q

gives rise primarily to urogenital system

A

intermediate mesoderm

73
Q

gives rise to components of skeletal and muscular muscles

A

paraxial mesoderm

DEVBIOL (3 decks)

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